{"id":1,"date":"2013-10-25T08:00:17","date_gmt":"2013-10-25T13:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=1"},"modified":"2016-04-12T09:29:48","modified_gmt":"2016-04-12T15:29:48","slug":"pcc-emulsion-stability-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Tests for Predicting Emulsion \/ Suspension Stability"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-152\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"Emulsion2\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>All emulsions, with the exception of micro-emulsions, are thermodynamically unstable. The most critical factors that impact emulsion or suspension stability are density differences between the oil\/water phase, viscosity of the product (yield value- zero shear viscosity) and the particle size of the dispersed phase. For water thin products the particle size is probably the most important factor along with density differences. If the particle size is around 100 nm Brownian motion will normally prevent separation of the dispersed phase, especially if the density differences are small.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Simple, Useful Predictive Emulsion Stability Tests<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The viscosity of the product measured hot at the highest stability temperature is very predictive of high temperature stability. Heat stable products will retain most of their viscosity hot.<\/li>\n<li>-15\u00b0C to 45\u00b0C product cycling is a very stressful test that can be useful. Good formulations can normally handle 3 cycles.<\/li>\n<li>-15\u00b0C to 25\u00b0C- Monitor sample looking for water\/oil syneresis or excessive product graininess.<\/li>\n<li>Use tall containers to stress gravitational effects.<\/li>\n<li>Use a Shaker table for testing vibrational stability. It is good for testing solid suspensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Instrumental Methods for\u00a0Emulsion Stability Tests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You need to validate instrumental methods using real world suspension stability data with similar types of formulations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>With the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ims-usa.com\/dualcon-iii?st=31\" target=\"_blank\">DualCon III<\/a> you can record voltage potential changes of aqueous dispersions and emulsions over time at different temperatures and with multiple samples. These changes correlate well with structural changes and stability.<\/li>\n<li>Beiersdorf&#8217;s rheological swing test comparing G&#8217; (storage modulus) and G&#8221; (loss modulus) using a cone plate rheometer. Stable products show no change after 4 cycles going from -10\u00b0C to 50\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>Tracking particle size over time is generally the best measurement of nano-emulsion stability. Typically, if an emulsion has less than 5% increase in particle size over the first 2 weeks of storage, it will remain stable for at least a year in 93% of the emulsions tested. Most stable nano-emulsions have a particle size of &lt; 70 nanometers.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/5964\/205178\/Turbiscan-Classic-MA-2000?st=31\" target=\"_blank\">Turboscan Classic MA2000<\/a> is an instrument that measures the near IR backscatter of dispersions that can be used to predict stability. Changes in back scatter across a sample from top to bottom can be indicative of coalescence, creaming, sedimentation or flocculation.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/5964\/205229\/Rheolaser?st=31\" target=\"_blank\">Rheolaser Lab<\/a> is a novel microrheology-based instrument that measures the visco-elastic properties of materials through the movement of particles due to thermal energy (Brownian motion). Microrheology can provide microscopic structural changes which can be used to predict stability. The unit can also measure up to six samples at a time, as well as multiple measures on a single sample over time since the measurement is non-contact\/non-destructive.<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"http:\/\/lumisizer.com?st=31\" target=\"_blank\">LumiSizer<\/a> is a dispersion analyzer that can simultaneously determine suspension stability and particle size distribution. It has a centrifuge to accelerate instability and it can measure separation of up to 12 samples simultaneously by near IR or blue light. It is said to be excellent for predicting products with slow separation of months to years. The LumiSizer is an improved version of the Lumifuge device that can&#8217;t do particle sizing. You should note that careful validation needs to be done for each formulation tested to predict the stability profile of a formulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All emulsions, with the exception of micro-emulsions, are thermodynamically unstable. The most critical factors that impact emulsion or suspension stability are density differences between the oil\/water phase, viscosity of the product (yield value- zero shear viscosity) and the particle size &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":152,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1251],"class_list":{"0":"post-1","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-care-cosmetics-cleaners","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emulsion Stability Test \/ Suspension Stability Test | Innovadex<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Overview of testing procedures to predict emulsion \/ suspension stability with and without equipment from Innovadex.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emulsion Stability Test \/ Suspension Stability Test | Innovadex\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Overview of testing procedures to predict emulsion \/ suspension stability with and without equipment from Innovadex.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prospector Knowledge Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-10-25T13:00:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-04-12T15:29:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"496\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"George Deckner\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"George Deckner\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1\\\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1\\\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"George Deckner\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4e8c804f4d62b747a0827fe8a3456717\"},\"headline\":\"Tests for Predicting Emulsion \\\/ Suspension Stability\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-10-25T13:00:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-04-12T15:29:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1\\\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":527,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1\\\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/09\\\/Emulsion2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Personal Care &amp; 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. Learn more about Deckner Consulting Services...\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/george-deckner\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Emulsion Stability Test \/ Suspension Stability Test | Innovadex","description":"Overview of testing procedures to predict emulsion \/ suspension stability with and without equipment from Innovadex.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Emulsion Stability Test \/ Suspension Stability Test | Innovadex","og_description":"Overview of testing procedures to predict emulsion \/ suspension stability with and without equipment from Innovadex.","og_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/","og_site_name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","article_published_time":"2013-10-25T13:00:17+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-04-12T15:29:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":496,"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"George Deckner","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"George Deckner","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/"},"author":{"name":"George Deckner","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4e8c804f4d62b747a0827fe8a3456717"},"headline":"Tests for Predicting Emulsion \/ Suspension Stability","datePublished":"2013-10-25T13:00:17+00:00","dateModified":"2016-04-12T15:29:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/"},"wordCount":527,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1\/pcc-emulsion-stability-test\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Emulsion2.jpg","articleSection":["Personal Care &amp; 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. 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