here<\/a>.<\/p>\nA Mannich reaction consists of an amino alkylation of an acidic proton placed next to a carbonyl functional group by formaldehyde and a primary or secondary amine or ammonia. The final product is a \u03b2-amino-carbonyl compound, known as a Mannich-base (Fig 1).<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2020\/08\/FIgure1.png\")
<\/p>\n
The Mannich reaction of cardanol, formaldehyde, and certain amines is called a phenalkamine. Phenalkamines exhibit features characteristic of the Mannich-base class: extremely fast cure, low temperature cure (even below 0\u00b0C), good chemical resistance, good surface appearance, good moisture tolerance, and non-blushing properties. However, due to the long aliphatic side chain of cardanol, phenalkamines also have very good pot life, good flexibility, surface tolerance, and excellent water and salt water resistance. As a result of this, common applications of Mannich-base curing agents include marine coatings, industrial primers, and moisture barrier coatings.<\/p>\n
However, a drawback of some Mannich-base curing agents is the low molecular weight, with free amine and free phenol (highly toxic and a carcinogen). In Europe, resin manufacturers have recently been forced to withdraw or rationalise some conventional Mannich base curing agents from their product range because of REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) compliance.<\/p>\n
Now, Chemical Process Services (CPS), a specialist polymer design and development company, has researched and developed a new series of \u2018green\u2019 epoxy curing agents for the composites industry, still within the class of Mannich-based curing agents. A patent is pending for this new chemistry and CPS is developing the products further.<\/p>\n
Derived from biomass rich in pentosane, the Furalkamine Mannich base (Fig 2), is REACH compliant and has free amine but no free monomer – phenol or otherwise. Subsequent reaction with various amines influences the processing characteristics and offers a new means of curing under low temperature or other adverse conditions, whilst maintaining regulatory compliance.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2020\/08\/Figure2.png\")
<\/p>\n
The new agents are expected to find use in solvent-free or high solids marine coatings in the low VOC maintenance category, as well as in flooring and as adhesives for bio-based composites matrix systems. These epoxy hardeners are also especially useful for formulating systems for protective coatings and civil engineering applications.<\/p>\n
![\"Green](\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2020\/08\/green-field-blue-sky-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\")
Established in 1980 as a specialist manufacturer of synthetic resin, catalysts and curing agents, Bitrez will be manufacturing the Furalkamine grades under license from CPS. The inventor of the Furalkamines is Paul Jones, managing director of both Bitrez and CPS.<\/p>\n
At JEC, Bitrez launched a family of REACH-compliant bio-based resins, including bio-epoxy systems and PFA (Polyfurfuryl Alcohol), designed especially for composite applications.<\/p>\n
PFA is a thermosetting bio-resin derived from biomass crop waste with similar qualities to phenolic, but with lower VOC emissions. In addition, PFA has equivalent fire-retardant properties, plus excellent temperature and chemical resistance.<\/p>\n
By employing creative chemistry, Bitrez offers epoxy products based on renewable substitute feedstock which when combined with the Furalkamine curing agents provide formulated systems with high bio-content.<\/p>\n
Reference<\/h3>\n
Ramon et al. A Review of Recent Research on Bio-Based Epoxy Systems for Engineering Applications and Potentialities in the Aviation Sector. Sept 2018. Pasrtt of the ECO-COMPASS project.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Thermosetting polymers are widely used in bonding and adhesives for the automotive and aircraft industry, in repairing products for civil infrastructures, electronic circuit boards, maintenance coatings for marine and other industries, and as binders in laminates and composites. Due to … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":10911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1238],"class_list":{"0":"post-10905","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-plastics-2","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nEnhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prospector Knowledge Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andy Pye\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-1024x512-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andy Pye\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Andy Pye\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674\"},\"headline\":\"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":744,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Plastics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/\",\"name\":\"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674\"},\"description\":\"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/08\\\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Hand holding a beaker - Curing bio-epoxies\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/10905\\\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Prospector Knowledge Center\",\"description\":\"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674\",\"name\":\"Andy Pye\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg3e58e840009b2ffbaebd613d67175564\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Andy Pye\"},\"description\":\"Andy Pye is a technologist, technical writer, journalist and editor based in London, England close to the Greenwich Meridian line. Having originally qualified as a metallurgist at Cambridge University, Andy spent a period as a consultant, where he specialised in advanced composites, asbestos substitutes and the methodology of materials selection, subjects on which he has published several books and technical papers. Since the early 1980s, he has edited many of the leading manufacturing and engineering titles in the UK, firstly cutting his teeth as a technical journalist on Design Engineering. Known as \\\"The Materials Man\\\", he covered many of the early innovations in engineering plastics. He was promoted to editor in 1985 and subsequently moved on to edit Engineering magazine (1992), and Industrial Technology (1994). In 1999, with former colleagues, he launched Pro-Talk, which founded the first online publications for engineers in Europe - the then thriving business was sold to Centaur Publications in 2006. Since then, Andy has continued to publish online, including his own title New Materials International (www.newmaterials.com). He is also a regular contributor to many specialist engineering titles in the UK and Europe, including Controls, Drives & Automation (CDA), Engineering & Technology (E&T), and Environmental Technology. As technology companies strive to manage their own websites, they are recognising the need to develop their writing and editing resources. Andy now works directly for companies in the manufacturing sector, delivering technical content through this medium for their current and prospective customers. Working with end users, PR agencies and website designers, this business is growing rapidly and Andy is aactively building a team of expert writers to fufil the demand for feature articles, news items and white papers.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.ulprospector.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/andy-pye\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites","description":"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites","og_description":"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.","og_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/","og_site_name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","article_published_time":"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Andy Pye","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_description":"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-1024x512-1.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Andy Pye","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/"},"author":{"name":"Andy Pye","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674"},"headline":"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites","datePublished":"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/"},"wordCount":744,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg","articleSection":["Plastics"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/","name":"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg","datePublished":"2020-09-11T13:05:10+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-31T20:21:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674"},"description":"Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosets. Learn about enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg","width":600,"height":400,"caption":"Hand holding a beaker - Curing bio-epoxies"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/10905\/pe-enhanced-cure-performance-for-bio-epoxy-resin-composites\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Enhanced cure performance for bio-epoxy resin composites"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/","name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","description":"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674","name":"Andy Pye","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg3e58e840009b2ffbaebd613d67175564","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","caption":"Andy Pye"},"description":"Andy Pye is a technologist, technical writer, journalist and editor based in London, England close to the Greenwich Meridian line. Having originally qualified as a metallurgist at Cambridge University, Andy spent a period as a consultant, where he specialised in advanced composites, asbestos substitutes and the methodology of materials selection, subjects on which he has published several books and technical papers. Since the early 1980s, he has edited many of the leading manufacturing and engineering titles in the UK, firstly cutting his teeth as a technical journalist on Design Engineering. Known as \"The Materials Man\", he covered many of the early innovations in engineering plastics. He was promoted to editor in 1985 and subsequently moved on to edit Engineering magazine (1992), and Industrial Technology (1994). In 1999, with former colleagues, he launched Pro-Talk, which founded the first online publications for engineers in Europe - the then thriving business was sold to Centaur Publications in 2006. Since then, Andy has continued to publish online, including his own title New Materials International (www.newmaterials.com). He is also a regular contributor to many specialist engineering titles in the UK and Europe, including Controls, Drives & Automation (CDA), Engineering & Technology (E&T), and Environmental Technology. As technology companies strive to manage their own websites, they are recognising the need to develop their writing and editing resources. Andy now works directly for companies in the manufacturing sector, delivering technical content through this medium for their current and prospective customers. Working with end users, PR agencies and website designers, this business is growing rapidly and Andy is aactively building a team of expert writers to fufil the demand for feature articles, news items and white papers.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com"],"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/author\/andy-pye\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":1238,"user_id":22,"is_guest":0,"slug":"andy-pye","display_name":"Andy Pye","avatar_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10905\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10905"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=10905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"Hand](\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2020\/08\/hand-holding-a-beaker-HEADER-600x400-1.jpg\")
Thermosetting polymers are widely used in bonding and adhesives for the automotive and aircraft industry, in repairing products for civil infrastructures, electronic circuit boards, maintenance coatings for marine and other industries, and as binders in laminates and composites.<\/p>\n