{"id":1579,"date":"2014-12-05T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2014-12-05T14:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=1579"},"modified":"2023-02-01T10:24:54","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:24:54","slug":"pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/","title":{"rendered":"Dispersing & Wetting Hydrophobic Pigments & Fillers in Water-Based Paints to Avoid Pigment Flooding & Floating"},"content":{"rendered":"

A critical part of any coatings formulation is ensuring that the coating will be free of inherent defects, including pigment flooding and floating. Waterborne formulations represent some unique challenges due to multiple factors, including the high surface tension and polarity of water that does not contribute to the wetting of most pigment and filler particles. In this article, I’ll\u00a0define some important considerations in formulating waterborne paints to avoid pigment flooding and floating.<\/p>\n

Flooding, Floating, Surface Tension, Bernard Cells, Flocculation and Agglomeration<\/h4>\n

Floating<\/strong><\/em> describes a mottled, splotchy appearance on the surface of a paint film. It is most apparent in coatings colored\u00a0with two or more pigments and is a result of the horizontal separation of different pigments. Flooding<\/em><\/strong> is the phenomena observed when the surface color of an applied film is uniform but is darker or lighter than it should be. This is attributed to a vertical separation of different pigments in the film.<\/p>\n

\"Vertical
Vertical Separation\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Horizontal Separation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Surface Tension<\/strong><\/em> results when the force that occurs in a liquid at the interface differs from the forces within the liquid. Thus, surface tension is caused from the surface molecules having a higher free energy than those molecules in the bulk of the liquid.<\/p>\n

Surface tension differential can cause a convection current resulting in a regular hexagonal surface pattern called Benard Cells<\/em><\/strong>. A hexagonal Benard Cell pattern results in\u00a0smaller, more mobile pigment particles (smaller, less dense) being deposited on the perimeter and the less mobile particles (larger, more dense) remaining away from the perimeter.<\/p>\n

\"Figure
Figure 2 \u2013 Rub-up of Flocculated Blue Pigment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Flocculation<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0is the recombination of dispersed pigment particles that were not properly stabilized in the pigment dispersion. Flocculation is undesirable at it detracts from hiding and color development. Flocculation is reversible by applying a low degree of shear. In figure 2, the\u00a0phthalocyanine<\/a>\u00a0(EU<\/a>) blue pigment is flocculated. Upon rubbing with a finger, the deeper blue color returns.<\/p>\n

\"Stabilized
Stabilized pigment dispersion — Flocculated pigment dispersion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pigment agglomeration<\/em><\/strong> is defined as pigment particles that are clumped together without sufficient vehicle or wetting agents present between pigment particles. When agglomeration occurs, extensive shear and attrition forces are usually necessary to reinstate a stabilized pigment dispersion.<\/p>\n

Remedial Actions to Overcome Floating and Flooding in Waterborne Paints<\/h4>\n

Pigment dispersion in aqueous media uses the same principles as in organic solvent media such as proper wetting, pigment dispersion and stabilization. However, the surface tension of water and high polarity make it more problematic in wetting low polarity pigments. In many cases, water interacts aggressively with the surface of the pigment, destabilizing the dispersant on the pigment surface. Overcoming flooding and floating starts with selecting pigments that are free of fines. Also, many pigment manufacturers supply surface treated pigments to avoid flooding and floating.<\/p>\n

Secondly, ensure that the pigment dispersion is uniform and stabilized (elimination of pigment flocculation of one pigment, with the exclusion of other pigments).<\/p>\n

Thirdly, the use of suitable wetting agents\/surfactants help to ameliorate differences in polarity and surface tension between pigments that contribute to flooding and floating. Inorganic pigments such as iron oxides<\/a> (EU<\/a>), titanium dioxide<\/a> (EU<\/a>), calcium carbonate<\/a> (EU<\/a>) and many other filler pigments have a polar surface and are easily wet by water. However, water alone normally does not stabilize the pigment dispersion against flocculation, so they require a surfactant to wet and stabilize the dispersion. Also, many pigment manufacturers supply surface treated pigments to avoid flooding and floating. For some organic pigments that have a surface with low polarity, many manufacturers modify the surface with a layer of inorganic oxide to provide increased polarity to improve wetting in aqueous-based systems.<\/p>\n

Fourthly, the use of an appropriate thixotrope<\/a> (EU<\/a>) helps to build sufficient viscosity and a network structure that discourages pigment separation. However, one must be sure that there is acceptable compatibility between the thixatrope and dispersant<\/a> (EU<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Click to view larger image.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Overcoming flooding and floating in solvent-borne paints primarily involves utilizing a suitable pigment dispersant and the elimination of Benard Cell formation with the addition of a surface control agent.<\/p>\n

A final consideration affecting the stability of an aqueous paint pigment is the pH of the pigments. For example, if a low pH carbon black pigment is used in the pigment dispersion without the use of a suitable wetting agent in an anodic aqueous based paint (pH normally > 8), longer term instability can result as the neutralizing amine on the resin backbone can migrate to the acidic pigment.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Click to view larger image.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Care must be taken while reducing a latex paint with water because floating can occur (slow addition of water with proper mixing and ensure against over reduction). This is due to a shift in the equilibrium between the dispersed pigment particles and water, resulting in a decrease in the amount of stabilizing dispersant on the pigment.<\/p>\n

There are numerous suppliers listed in UL\u2019s Prospector website<\/a> with a wide variety of wetting agents<\/a> (EU<\/a>), pigment dispersants<\/a> (EU<\/a>), surfactants<\/a> (EU<\/a>), thixotropes<\/a> (EU<\/a>) and pigments to meet your requirements in both solvent and waterborne coatings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A critical part of any coatings formulation is ensuring that the coating will be free of inherent defects, including pigment flooding and floating. Waterborne formulations represent some unique challenges due to multiple factors, including the high surface tension and polarity … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":1596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[107,129,132],"ppma_author":[1249],"class_list":{"0":"post-1579","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-paint-coatings","8":"tag-waterborne-coatings","9":"tag-wetting-agents","10":"tag-dispersants","11":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nHydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A critical part of any coatings formulation is ensuring that the coating will be free of inherent defects, including pigment flooding and floating. Waterborne formulations represent some unique challenges due to multiple factors, including the high surface tension and polarity … Continued\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prospector Knowledge Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"496\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ron Lewarchik\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ron Lewarchik\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ron Lewarchik\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1\"},\"headline\":\"Dispersing & Wetting Hydrophobic Pigments & Fillers in Water-Based Paints to Avoid Pigment Flooding & Floating\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":887,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/12\\\/paintcans.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Waterborne Coatings\",\"wetting agents\",\"dispersants\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Paint & Coatings\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/12\\\/paintcans.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/12\\\/paintcans.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/12\\\/paintcans.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":496},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/1579\\\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Dispersing & Wetting Hydrophobic Pigments & Fillers in Water-Based Paints to Avoid Pigment Flooding & Floating\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Prospector Knowledge Center\",\"description\":\"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1\",\"name\":\"Ron Lewarchik\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png60d40a18dc5ac3c647e96e3753e86ac0\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"Ron Lewarchik\"},\"description\":\"Ronald J. Lewarchik, President and CEO of Chemical Dynamics, LLC, brings 40 years of paint and coatings industry expertise to his role as a contributing author with the Prospector Knowledge Center. As a contributing writer, Ron pens articles on topics relevant to formulators in the coatings industry. He also serves as a consultant for the Prospector materials search engine, advising on issues related to optimization and organization materials within the database. Ron's company, Chemical Dynamics, LLC (www.chemicaldynamics.net), is a full-service paint and coatings firm specializing in consulting and product development based in Plymouth, Michigan. Since 2004, he has provided consulting, product development, contract research, feasibility studies, failure mode analysis and more for a wide range of clients, as well as their suppliers, customers and coaters. He has also served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the Coatings Research Institute of Eastern Michigan University. As such, Ron was awarded a sub-grant from the Department of Energy to develop energy-saving coating technology for architectural applications, as well as grants from private industry to develop low energy cure, low VOC compliant coatings. He taught courses on color and application of automotive top coats, cathodic electro-coat and surface treatment. His experience includes coatings for automotive, coil, architectural, industrial and product finishing. Previously, Ron was the Vice President of Industrial Research and Technology, as well as the Global Director of Coil Coating Technology for BASF (Morton International). During his fourteen-year tenure with the company, he developed innovative coil coating commercial products primarily for roofing, residential, commercial and industrial building, as well as industrial and automotive applications. He was awarded fifteen patents for new resin and coating formulas. From 1974 to 1990, Ron held positions with Desoto, Inc. and PPG Industries. He was the winner of two R&D awards for coatings utilizing PVDF resins, developed the first commercial high solids automotive topcoat and was awarded 39 U.S. patents for a variety of novel technologies he developed. He holds a Masters in Physical Organic Chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh and subsequently studied Polymer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Ron lives in Brighton, Michigan with his family. Contact Ron via email\u00a0or through his company\u2019s web site at www.chemicaldynamics.net to learn more about his consulting services\u2026\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/ron-lewarchik\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating","og_description":"A critical part of any coatings formulation is ensuring that the coating will be free of inherent defects, including pigment flooding and floating. Waterborne formulations represent some unique challenges due to multiple factors, including the high surface tension and polarity … Continued","og_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/","og_site_name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","article_published_time":"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":496,"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ron Lewarchik","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ron Lewarchik","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/"},"author":{"name":"Ron Lewarchik","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1"},"headline":"Dispersing & Wetting Hydrophobic Pigments & Fillers in Water-Based Paints to Avoid Pigment Flooding & Floating","datePublished":"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/"},"wordCount":887,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg","keywords":["Waterborne Coatings","wetting agents","dispersants"],"articleSection":["Paint & Coatings"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/","name":"Hydrophobic Pigments - Avoid Pigment Flooding and Floating","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg","datePublished":"2014-12-05T14:00:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-01T16:24:54+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/paintcans.jpg","width":800,"height":496},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1579\/pc-hydrophobic-pigments-flooding-and-floating\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Dispersing & Wetting Hydrophobic Pigments & Fillers in Water-Based Paints to Avoid Pigment Flooding & Floating"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/","name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","description":"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1","name":"Ron Lewarchik","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2014\/05\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png60d40a18dc5ac3c647e96e3753e86ac0","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2014\/05\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2014\/05\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png","caption":"Ron Lewarchik"},"description":"Ronald J. Lewarchik, President and CEO of Chemical Dynamics, LLC, brings 40 years of paint and coatings industry expertise to his role as a contributing author with the Prospector Knowledge Center. As a contributing writer, Ron pens articles on topics relevant to formulators in the coatings industry. He also serves as a consultant for the Prospector materials search engine, advising on issues related to optimization and organization materials within the database. Ron's company, Chemical Dynamics, LLC (www.chemicaldynamics.net), is a full-service paint and coatings firm specializing in consulting and product development based in Plymouth, Michigan. Since 2004, he has provided consulting, product development, contract research, feasibility studies, failure mode analysis and more for a wide range of clients, as well as their suppliers, customers and coaters. He has also served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the Coatings Research Institute of Eastern Michigan University. As such, Ron was awarded a sub-grant from the Department of Energy to develop energy-saving coating technology for architectural applications, as well as grants from private industry to develop low energy cure, low VOC compliant coatings. He taught courses on color and application of automotive top coats, cathodic electro-coat and surface treatment. His experience includes coatings for automotive, coil, architectural, industrial and product finishing. Previously, Ron was the Vice President of Industrial Research and Technology, as well as the Global Director of Coil Coating Technology for BASF (Morton International). During his fourteen-year tenure with the company, he developed innovative coil coating commercial products primarily for roofing, residential, commercial and industrial building, as well as industrial and automotive applications. He was awarded fifteen patents for new resin and coating formulas. From 1974 to 1990, Ron held positions with Desoto, Inc. and PPG Industries. He was the winner of two R&D awards for coatings utilizing PVDF resins, developed the first commercial high solids automotive topcoat and was awarded 39 U.S. patents for a variety of novel technologies he developed. He holds a Masters in Physical Organic Chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh and subsequently studied Polymer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Ron lives in Brighton, Michigan with his family. Contact Ron via email\u00a0or through his company\u2019s web site at www.chemicaldynamics.net to learn more about his consulting services\u2026","sameAs":["https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com"],"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/author\/ron-lewarchik\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":1249,"user_id":12,"is_guest":0,"slug":"ron-lewarchik","display_name":"Ron Lewarchik","avatar_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2014\/05\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1579\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1579"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}