{"id":17258,"date":"2024-06-12T06:00:31","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T12:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=17258"},"modified":"2024-06-12T06:39:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T12:39:59","slug":"pc-more-than-meets-the-eye-carbon-black-pigment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/17258\/pc-more-than-meets-the-eye-carbon-black-pigment\/","title":{"rendered":"More than Meets the Eye – Carbon Black Pigment"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Carbon Black pigments<\/strong> have been used for millennia and provide a multitude of benefits. Features include not only a profound impact on opacity, but are effective UV-visible light absorbers, provide resistance to oxidation and reduce chalking. Lastly, Carbon Black<\/a> pigments are versatile and are available in a number of variations and qualities which vary in their particle size, manufacturing process and ease of dispersion. Carbon Black is widely used as a pigment<\/a> in paints, coatings, plastics, and rubber as it provides a higher tint strength and a deeper black color and greater tinting strength when compared to iron black or organic pigments.<\/p>\n

Carbon Black utility<\/strong> \u2013 Carbon Black<\/a> pigment usage dates back over 2,000 years to the early Egyptians, Chinese, and Indian civilizations. Fast forward to the early 1900\u2019s when Ford quickly found out that the most durable color was black and in 1914 determined that was the only color that would be available. The paint was comprised of Tung oil and a carbon black Gilsonite dispersion. A Carbon Black based paint not only absorbs over 99% of light, but the surface of many Carbon Black pigments contain a high level of aromatic rings and phenolic groups which act as antioxidants<\/a> that also enhance the weather resistance of Carbon Black<\/a> based paints. Due to its high tint strength, Carbon Black is the most common pigment<\/a> used in conjunction with titanium dioxide. Due to its efficiency in blocking UV\/visible light, a low level of carbon black not only enhances weather resistance in a topcoat, but when used in a topcoat also decreases light transmission to the primer surface and helps to prevent loss of topcoat adhesion to the primer (especially with epoxy-based primers). Carbon Black<\/a> pigments are also used in to enhance efficiency and life expectancy of solar panels as they effectively absorb sunlight across the light spectrum that combined with its electrical conductivity, makes it a valuable component in photovoltaic technology. By reducing the amount of reflected light coupled with its electrical properties enables carbon black to provide greater energy output.<\/p>\n

\n

Explore the ULTRUS Portfolio supporting regulatory, supply chain and sustainability needs. Learn more here<\/a>!<\/h3>\n
\n

Manufacturing Process <\/strong>\u2013 Most Carbon Blacks<\/a> are made by a variety of manufacturing processes which utilize partial combustion of petroleum or natural gas. The surface structure and polarity are dependent on the manufacturing process used. Thermal Black is made by decomposing natural gas in an atmosphere free of oxygen. Acetylene Carbon Black is made from the thermal decomposition of acetylene. The classes of Carbon Black pigments include: Channel<\/a>, Furnace<\/a>, Lamp<\/a>, Thermal and Acetylene. Table 1 provides a comparison of carbon black pigment types.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Carbon Black Structure<\/strong> \u2013 Carbon Blacks<\/a> are normally comprised of elemental carbon arranged in 6-membered aromatic rings with available functional groups such as ketones, carboxyl, hydroxyl, quinone, and lactone<\/em>. Their structure is similar to that of graphene, but graphene is more structured, being comprised of stacked amorphous and crystalline sheets which contribute to graphene\u2019s conductivity.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 2<\/strong> \u2013 Typical functional moieties on carbon black<\/p>\n

Due to Carbon Black\u2019s surface structure, high polarity and porosity, they have a high oil absorption and vehicle demand. This in turn contributes to high viscosity and at times catalyst absorption. Lastly, many Carbon Black<\/a> pigments have an acidic pH which can detract from corrosion resistance in some formulations<\/a>. To improve the dispersion efficiency of Carbon Black, dispersing agents<\/a> are commonly used.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resources<\/u><\/p>\n

UL Prospector\u00ae Knowledge Center<\/a> and Search Engine<\/a><\/p>\n

Wikipedia<\/p>\n

Organic Coatings, Science and Technology, Third Edition, Wiley, Wicks e.al. 2007<\/p>\n

Organic Coatings, Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, Wiley, Jones e.al. 2017<\/p>\n

Research Gate<\/p>\n

Chem Spider<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Carbon Black pigments have been used for millennia and provide a multitude of benefits. Features include not only a profound impact on opacity, but are effective UV-visible light absorbers, provide resistance to oxidation and reduce chalking. Lastly, Carbon Black pigments … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":17261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1249],"class_list":{"0":"post-17258","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-paint-coatings","8":"category-featured","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nMore than Meets the Eye - Carbon Black Pigment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbon Black pigments have been used for millennia and provide a multitude of benefits. 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Lewarchik, President and CEO of Chemical Dynamics, LLC, brings 40 years of paint and coatings industry expertise to his role as a contributing author with the Prospector Knowledge Center. As a contributing writer, Ron pens articles on topics relevant to formulators in the coatings industry. He also serves as a consultant for the Prospector materials search engine, advising on issues related to optimization and organization materials within the database. Ron's company, Chemical Dynamics, LLC (www.chemicaldynamics.net), is a full-service paint and coatings firm specializing in consulting and product development based in Plymouth, Michigan. Since 2004, he has provided consulting, product development, contract research, feasibility studies, failure mode analysis and more for a wide range of clients, as well as their suppliers, customers and coaters. He has also served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the Coatings Research Institute of Eastern Michigan University. As such, Ron was awarded a sub-grant from the Department of Energy to develop energy-saving coating technology for architectural applications, as well as grants from private industry to develop low energy cure, low VOC compliant coatings. He taught courses on color and application of automotive top coats, cathodic electro-coat and surface treatment. His experience includes coatings for automotive, coil, architectural, industrial and product finishing. Previously, Ron was the Vice President of Industrial Research and Technology, as well as the Global Director of Coil Coating Technology for BASF (Morton International). During his fourteen-year tenure with the company, he developed innovative coil coating commercial products primarily for roofing, residential, commercial and industrial building, as well as industrial and automotive applications. He was awarded fifteen patents for new resin and coating formulas. From 1974 to 1990, Ron held positions with Desoto, Inc. and PPG Industries. He was the winner of two R&D awards for coatings utilizing PVDF resins, developed the first commercial high solids automotive topcoat and was awarded 39 U.S. patents for a variety of novel technologies he developed. He holds a Masters in Physical Organic Chemistry from the University of Pittsburgh and subsequently studied Polymer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Ron lives in Brighton, Michigan with his family. 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