{"id":1872,"date":"2015-01-23T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2015-01-23T13:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=1872"},"modified":"2015-02-06T10:19:10","modified_gmt":"2015-02-06T15:19:10","slug":"pc-electrocoat-for-automotive-ecoat-primer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1872\/pc-electrocoat-for-automotive-ecoat-primer\/","title":{"rendered":"Thinking Electrocoat for Automotive? Use This Ecoat Primer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Electrocoating is a process that uses an electrical current to deposit an organic coating from a paint bath onto a part or assembled product. Due to its ability to coat complex parts and assembled products with specific performance requirements, electrocoat is used worldwide throughout various industries to coat a wide swath of products including those in automotive, appliance, marine and agriculture. Electrocoat, and specifically cathodic electrocoat, has enabled a dramatic improvement in corrosion resistance over that offered by anodic electrocoat or other more conventional methods of coating.<\/p>\n<p>Positively charged cathodic paint is deposited from a bath containing electrocoat paint at the cathode (-) where reduction takes place. Negatively charged anodic ecoat takes place at the anode (+) where oxidation (corrosion) takes place. In a cathodic electrocoat tank, positively charged paint particles migrate to the oppositely charged cathode (substrate) and are neutralized by the electrolysis of water. The paint particles are deposited on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate to form an insulating film. The coated substrate is then baked to eliminate water and remaining volatile as well as to crosslink the polymer film.<\/p>\n<h4>Electrolysis of Water<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-3.48.55-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1874 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-3.48.55-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-01-21 at 3.48.55 PM\" width=\"579\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-3.48.55-PM.png 579w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-3.48.55-PM-300x132.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px\" \/><\/a><strong>The advantages and disadvantages of anodic electrocoat include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The ability to penetrate and coat interior portions of complex products and parts<\/li>\n<li>Poorer corrosion resistance than cathodic electrocoat as it traps acid at the metal\/paint surface<\/li>\n<li>Oxidizes or corrodes the metal surface during the deposition process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The advantages and disadvantages of cathodic electrocoat include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Normally must be top-coated to provide a variety of colors and improved resistance to UV degradation<\/li>\n<li>Excellent corrosion resistance, even at lower film thicknesses<\/li>\n<li>Offers excellent resistance to bimetallic corrosion (when dissimilar metals are in direct contact)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.04.01-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1877\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.04.01-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-01-21 at 4.04.01 PM\" width=\"663\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.04.01-PM.png 663w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.04.01-PM-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/a>Many cationic electrocoat resins are comprised of a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=bisphenol+A&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">bisphenol A<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=bisphenol+a&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>)-based <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/Formulation\/search?k=Epoxy+Resins&amp;sug=1&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">epoxy resin<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/Formulation\/search?k=Epoxy+Resins&amp;sug=1&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>) comprised of amine groups that are neutralized with a low molecular weight acid such as formic, acetic or lactic acid. Since the coating bath has a pH of slightly below 7, bath components are comprised of stainless steel or other corrosion resistant materials. The most common crosslinker is a blocked <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=isocyanate&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">isocyanate<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=isocyanate&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>) crosslinker, so once the coating is baked, the blocked isocyanate is activated and reacts with available <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=hydroxyl&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">hydroxyl<\/a> (<a href=\"www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=hydroxyl&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>) and amine groups. Other components of a typical electrocoat bath include pigment, filler pigment, water, solvent and a low level of modifying resins such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=plasticizers&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">plasticizers<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=plasticizer&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=flexibilizer&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">flexibilizers<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=flexibilizer&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=flow+modifier&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">flow modifiers<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=flow+modifiers&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=catalysts&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">catalysts<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/Coatings\/search?k=catalysts&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\">EU<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.07.31-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1878\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.07.31-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-01-21 at 4.07.31 PM\" width=\"649\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.07.31-PM.png 649w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.07.31-PM-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/a>Ecoat is used because it provides superior corrosion protection as it coats surfaces that are inaccessible by conventional means. Film thickness is uniform without any defects such as sags, runs or edge beads. Electrocoat is also very cost effective as it provides nearly 100% material utilization with good energy efficiency and a relatively low cost per square foot of applied coating.<\/p>\n<p>Throwpower is the ability of an electrocoat to penetrate into \u201chard to reach\u201d areas, such as the inside of a hollow metal object. Dependent on applied voltage, bath solids, conductivity, deposition time, bath temperature, solvent levels, and proper tank agitation, deposition time, throwpower and coating appearance can be optimized. A simple dip-applied coating cannot effectively coat the interior of complex shaped parts as during the bake process the water\/solvent has a washing effect in the interior portions of the part that prevents adequate film build. At the time an electrocoated object is removed from the bath, most of the water and solvent is squeezed from the electrocoat so that during the bake the washing effect is minimal as compared to that of a simple dip-applied coating. The film build of electrocoat paint is self-limiting as the film becomes more insulative as the thickness of the film approaches its maximum. Higher voltage and longer immersion times will permit higher film builds until the maximum possible film build is reached which is normally about 1.0 mil and 1.2 mils. Voltage is normally between 225 and 400 volts. If the voltage is too high, there will be film rupture of the coating applied to the outer surfaces. This is called the rupture voltage. At a sufficiently high voltage, the current will break through the film, leading to gas generation under the film (Hydrogen for cathodic and oxygen for anodic). Other factors that affect film build include bath temperature and conductivity. Immersion times are normally on the order of 2-3 minutes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.08.25-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1879\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.08.25-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-01-21 at 4.08.25 PM\" width=\"254\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.08.25-PM.png 254w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Screen-Shot-2015-01-21-at-4.08.25-PM-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a>Some considerations when choosing electrocoat include the fact that in most cases electrocoat needs to be top-coated to provide the best combination of corrosion resistance, light stability and color availability. In addition, capital cost, tank maintenance and tank turnover rates must be carefully considered.<\/p>\n<p>In summary, a properly chosen and applied electrocoat can provide a corrosion resistant, near 100% application efficient, uniform defect-free film.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"600\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #999; color: #fff; padding: 5px;\">Sponsored Products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1643&amp;AdvertiserID=173&amp;CampaignID=1395&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=365669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><strong>DAOTAN\u00ae TW 6466\/36WA (Europe)<\/strong><\/a><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1643&amp;AdvertiserID=173&amp;CampaignID=1395&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=365669\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/strong><strong> by Allnex\u0003<\/strong><br \/>\nDAOTAN\u00ae TW 6466\/36WA is an aqueous emulsion of an aliphatic urethane-acryl-hybrid, solvent and emulsifier free. It is a polyester- based&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1644&amp;AdvertiserID=173&amp;CampaignID=1396&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=128778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><strong>DAOTAN\u00ae TW 7000\/40WA (Europe)<\/strong><\/a><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1644&amp;AdvertiserID=173&amp;CampaignID=1396&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=128778\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/strong><strong> by Allnex <\/strong><br \/>\nDaotan\u00ae TW 7000\/40WA is a polyurethane dispersion with low viscosity, free of organic solvents and emulsifiers. It is specifically recommended for plastic coatings&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1645&amp;AdvertiserID=175&amp;CampaignID=1397&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=729489\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">PARALOID\u2122 AU-608X (North America)<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1645&amp;AdvertiserID=175&amp;CampaignID=1397&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=729489\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/> <strong>by Dow Coating Materials<\/strong><strong>\u0003<\/strong><br \/>\nPARALOID\u2122 AU-608X is an acrylic polyol specifically designed to produce hard, resistant, durable coatings when reacted with aliphatic isocyanates&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1646&amp;AdvertiserID=175&amp;CampaignID=1398&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=973323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">PARALOID\u2122 AU-608 TBZ (North America)<\/a><\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/services2.ulprospector.com\/Advertising\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1646&amp;AdvertiserID=175&amp;CampaignID=1398&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=973323\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><strong> by Dow Coating Materials<\/strong>\u0003<br \/>\nPARALOID\u2122 AU-608 TBZ is an acrylic polyol supplied at 60% non-volatiles in t-butyl acetate. When properly cross-linked with a recommended&#8230;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electrocoating is a process that uses an electrical current to deposit an organic coating from a paint bath onto a part or assembled product. Due to its ability to coat complex parts and assembled products with specific performance requirements, electrocoat &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1872\/pc-electrocoat-for-automotive-ecoat-primer\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":1883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1249],"class_list":{"0":"post-1872","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-paint-coatings","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thinking Electrocoat for Automotive? Use this Ecoat Primer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Electrocoat is a process that uses an electrical current to deposit an organic coating from a paint bath onto a part or assembled product. Learn more...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/1872\/pc-electrocoat-for-automotive-ecoat-primer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thinking Electrocoat for Automotive? Use this Ecoat Primer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Electrocoat is a process that uses an electrical current to deposit an organic coating from a paint bath onto a part or assembled product. 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Use This Ecoat Primer\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Prospector Knowledge Center\",\"description\":\"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/21b1c19e5a3e88e83d018aeeeb06d5c1\",\"name\":\"Ron Lewarchik\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png60d40a18dc5ac3c647e96e3753e86ac0\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/media\\\/2014\\\/05\\\/Ron-Lewarchik_avatar_1399393591-96x96.png\",\"caption\":\"Ron Lewarchik\"},\"description\":\"Ronald J. Lewarchik, President and CEO of Chemical Dynamics, LLC, brings 40 years of paint and coatings industry expertise to his role as a contributing author with the Prospector Knowledge Center. As a contributing writer, Ron pens articles on topics relevant to formulators in the coatings industry. He also serves as a consultant for the Prospector materials search engine, advising on issues related to optimization and organization materials within the database. Ron's company, Chemical Dynamics, LLC (www.chemicaldynamics.net), is a full-service paint and coatings firm specializing in consulting and product development based in Plymouth, Michigan. Since 2004, he has provided consulting, product development, contract research, feasibility studies, failure mode analysis and more for a wide range of clients, as well as their suppliers, customers and coaters. He has also served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the Coatings Research Institute of Eastern Michigan University. As such, Ron was awarded a sub-grant from the Department of Energy to develop energy-saving coating technology for architectural applications, as well as grants from private industry to develop low energy cure, low VOC compliant coatings. He taught courses on color and application of automotive top coats, cathodic electro-coat and surface treatment. His experience includes coatings for automotive, coil, architectural, industrial and product finishing. Previously, Ron was the Vice President of Industrial Research and Technology, as well as the Global Director of Coil Coating Technology for BASF (Morton International). During his fourteen-year tenure with the company, he developed innovative coil coating commercial products primarily for roofing, residential, commercial and industrial building, as well as industrial and automotive applications. He was awarded fifteen patents for new resin and coating formulas. From 1974 to 1990, Ron held positions with Desoto, Inc. and PPG Industries. 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Lewarchik, President and CEO of Chemical Dynamics, LLC, brings 40 years of paint and coatings industry expertise to his role as a contributing author with the Prospector Knowledge Center. As a contributing writer, Ron pens articles on topics relevant to formulators in the coatings industry. He also serves as a consultant for the Prospector materials search engine, advising on issues related to optimization and organization materials within the database. Ron's company, Chemical Dynamics, LLC (www.chemicaldynamics.net), is a full-service paint and coatings firm specializing in consulting and product development based in Plymouth, Michigan. Since 2004, he has provided consulting, product development, contract research, feasibility studies, failure mode analysis and more for a wide range of clients, as well as their suppliers, customers and coaters. He has also served as an Adjunct Research Professor at the Coatings Research Institute of Eastern Michigan University. As such, Ron was awarded a sub-grant from the Department of Energy to develop energy-saving coating technology for architectural applications, as well as grants from private industry to develop low energy cure, low VOC compliant coatings. He taught courses on color and application of automotive top coats, cathodic electro-coat and surface treatment. His experience includes coatings for automotive, coil, architectural, industrial and product finishing. Previously, Ron was the Vice President of Industrial Research and Technology, as well as the Global Director of Coil Coating Technology for BASF (Morton International). During his fourteen-year tenure with the company, he developed innovative coil coating commercial products primarily for roofing, residential, commercial and industrial building, as well as industrial and automotive applications. He was awarded fifteen patents for new resin and coating formulas. From 1974 to 1990, Ron held positions with Desoto, Inc. and PPG Industries. 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