{"id":22577,"date":"2026-08-12T06:00:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T12:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/?p=22577"},"modified":"2026-08-10T09:21:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T15:21:31","slug":"pc-powder-coatings-for-heat-sensitive-substrates-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/22577\/pc-powder-coatings-for-heat-sensitive-substrates-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Powder Coatings for Heat-Sensitive Substrates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A conventional thermosetting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=%22powder+paints%22&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>powder paint<\/strong><\/a> consists of solid particles. Each particle contains all components.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22578\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22578 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle-1024x414.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.-A-conventional-powder-paint-particle.jpg 1882w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">A conventional powder paint particle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>After application, the paint melts, flows and cures during film formation at high temperatures, generally in 10 to 15 minutes at 160 to 200 \u00b0C. Conventional <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=%22powder+paints%22&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powder paints<\/a> are applied on substrates that can withstand such temperatures for a substantial time<sup>1,2<\/sup>. Substrates that have since long been coated with powder paint are metals like steel and aluminum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat-Sensitive Substrates<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A range of important substrates, like MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), wood and plastics, cannot withstand the high temperatures that are needed for the film formation of conventional powder paints. Because of the clear advantages of powder paints, like being solvent-free and storage stable and having excellent protective, mechanical and aesthetical properties, industry is keen on developing and using powder paints that can be applied on these so-called heat-sensitive substrates (<strong>HSS<\/strong>). Powder paints that are used for these applications are called low temperature curing (<strong>LTC<\/strong>) powder paints.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The challenge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The key problem in developing and using LTC powder paints is that 2 opposite demands must be met in one system.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22579\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-22579\" src=\"http:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.-The-challenge-of-LTC-powder-paints-1024x232.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.-The-challenge-of-LTC-powder-paints-1024x232.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.-The-challenge-of-LTC-powder-paints-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.-The-challenge-of-LTC-powder-paints-768x174.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.-The-challenge-of-LTC-powder-paints.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">The challenge of LTC powder paints: fulfilling 2 demands in 1 system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>First, the powder paint must be storage stable. This implies that the solid particles must not glue together and (virtually) no chemical reaction should take place within the particles at temperatures up to at least 40 \u00b0C, but preferably up to 50 \u00b0C. The glass transition temperature (<strong>T<sub>g<\/sub><\/strong>) of the binder system of the powder paint must be at least 50 \u00b0C to assure good storage stability.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the solid paint particles must melt, coalesce, flow, level and cure at temperatures at which the substrate is not damaged. For the heat-sensitive substrates mentioned, this is in the range of 90 to 130 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The core of LTC powder paints<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Decades ago, system developers realized that breakthroughs were needed with respect to the <strong>binder system<\/strong> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=%22powder+paints%22&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powder paints<\/a>, consisting of resin, crosslinker and specific additives, to be able to meet the challenge of developing storage stable systems that form a strong coating at relative low temperatures. One option is to use <strong>radcure<\/strong> (radiation curable) powder paints, systems that cure under the influence of ultraviolet (<strong>UV<\/strong>) or electron beam (<strong>EB<\/strong>) radiation<sup>3,4<\/sup>. Another approach is to use mild heat to obtain good film formation at relative low temperatures.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>ULTRUS<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> software solutions connect product life cycle data, regulatory content and expertise and AI-driven automation and analytics. Learn more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ul.com\/software\/ultrus?utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>!<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Unsaturated polyesters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unsaturated polyester resins contain carbon-carbon double bonds (<strong>C=C<\/strong>). The double bonds can crosslink during film formation, thus forming a strong chemical network. There are several ways to initiate this curing mechanism, called <strong>free radical polymerization<\/strong>. The first option is to use thermal peroxides that decompose under the influence of heat. Another option is to use a photoinitiator, an additive that decomposes when exposed to UV- or EB-radiation. Both peroxides and photoinitiators generate free radicals that initiate the radical polymerization reaction. The film formation of radcure <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=%22powder+paints%22&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powder paints<\/a> takes place in two steps. First, the paint particles are molten under infrared (<strong>IR<\/strong>) radiation. Then, when melting, coalescence, flow and leveling are completed, cure takes place under ultraviolet (<strong>UV<\/strong>) radiation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22580\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-22580\" src=\"http:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.-Film-formation-of-a-UV-curable-powder-paint-1024x391.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.-Film-formation-of-a-UV-curable-powder-paint-1024x391.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.-Film-formation-of-a-UV-curable-powder-paint-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.-Film-formation-of-a-UV-curable-powder-paint-768x293.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.-Film-formation-of-a-UV-curable-powder-paint.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Film formation of a UV-curable powder paint.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>An example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At present it is possible to apply <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=%22powder+paints%22&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">powder paints<\/a> on heat-sensitive substrates like MDF and wood. The <strong>Uralac<\/strong><sup>\u00ae<\/sup><strong> Ultra<\/strong> technology was developed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/Suppliers\/108\/Covestro\/search?sug=1&amp;st=31&amp;utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Covestro<\/strong><\/a>, a global leading company in resins and crosslinkers for paints. The binder system, which cures thermally in 3 minutes at only 130 \u00b0C under infrared radiation, is based on unsaturated polyester resin and peroxide initiator. LTC powder paints based on this breakthrough technology are used on commercial scale for furniture, kitchen cabinets and bathroom cabinets.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_22581\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-22581\" src=\"http:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.-Kitchen-cabinet-coated-with-LTC-powder-paint-1024x486.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.-Kitchen-cabinet-coated-with-LTC-powder-paint-1024x486.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.-Kitchen-cabinet-coated-with-LTC-powder-paint-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.-Kitchen-cabinet-coated-with-LTC-powder-paint-768x365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.-Kitchen-cabinet-coated-with-LTC-powder-paint.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Kitchen cabinet coated with LTC powder paint. (Courtesy of Covestro)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/11788\/pc-the-basics-of-powder-coatings\/?utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\"><em>The Basics of Powder Coatings<\/em>, Jochum Beetsma, 14 May 2021, Prospector Knowledge Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/18349\/pc-latest-trends-in-powder-coating-technology\/?utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\"><em>The Latest Trends in Powder Coating Technology<\/em>, Patricia Geelen, 13 November 2024, Prospector Knowledge Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/5366\/pc-using-uveb-resins-in-coatings\/?utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\"><em>Using UV\/EB Resins in Coatings<\/em>, Marc Hirsch, 21 October 2016, Prospector Knowledge Center<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Article <em>Radiation Cure Coatings \u2013 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/11575\/pc-radiation-cure-coatings-the-ultimate-in-rapid-cure-technology\/?utm_source=KnowledgeCenter&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=powder_coatings&amp;utm_term=PC&amp;utm_content=Beetsma\"><em>The Ultimate in Rapid Cure Technology<\/em>, Ron Lewarchik, 2 April 2021, Prospector Knowledge Center<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A conventional thermosetting powder paint consists of solid particles. Each particle contains all components. After application, the paint melts, flows and cures during film formation at high temperatures, generally in 10 to 15 minutes at 160 to 200 \u00b0C. Conventional &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/22577\/pc-powder-coatings-for-heat-sensitive-substrates-2\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":22585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[1382,1391,1390,1389,1388,1387,1386,1385,1384,1383,556,1381,1380,1379,1378,1377,1376,1375,856],"ppma_author":[1235],"class_list":["post-22577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-paint-coatings","tag-low-temperature-curing","tag-wood","tag-ultraviolet","tag-thermosetting","tag-radiation-curable","tag-powder-paint","tag-powder-coating","tag-photoinitiator","tag-peroxide","tag-mdf","tag-radcure","tag-ltc","tag-infra-red","tag-heat-sensitive","tag-glass-transition-temperature-tg","tag-free-radical-polymerization","tag-electron-beam","tag-coalescence","tag-plastic","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Powder Coatings for Heat-Sensitive Substrates<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conventional powder paints are applied on substrates that can withstand such temperatures for a substantial time. 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Jochum Beetsma brings expertise in physical chemistry, raw materials, product development, innovation implementation and problem solving to his role as a paint and coatings industry expert at Prospector. As graduated physical chemist and PDMA-certified New Product Development Professional, Jochum Beetsma authors in-depth technical articles for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. Since 2004, Jochum is independent consultant, advising companies from around the world in coatings, inks and related industries. Jochum develops and executes in-company training programs on coatings and he works as interim project manager. Prior to becoming consultant, he spent 13 years at DSM Coating Resins. While at DSM, he was project manager of New Product Development projects, focusing on water-based, solvent-based, high-solids and powder coatings. He also served as chairman of the Project Management Platform within DSM. 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Jochum Beetsma brings expertise in physical chemistry, raw materials, product development, innovation implementation and problem solving to his role as a paint and coatings industry expert at Prospector. As graduated physical chemist and PDMA-certified New Product Development Professional, Jochum Beetsma authors in-depth technical articles for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. Since 2004, Jochum is independent consultant, advising companies from around the world in coatings, inks and related industries. Jochum develops and executes in-company training programs on coatings and he works as interim project manager. Prior to becoming consultant, he spent 13 years at DSM Coating Resins. While at DSM, he was project manager of New Product Development projects, focusing on water-based, solvent-based, high-solids and powder coatings. He also served as chairman of the Project Management Platform within DSM. 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Contact Jochum via email (j.beetsma@meritus.nl) to learn more about his consulting services.","sameAs":["https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com"],"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/author\/jochum-beetsma\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":1235,"user_id":11,"is_guest":0,"slug":"jochum-beetsma","display_name":"Jochum Beetsma","avatar_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Jochum-Beetsma.jpg","author_category":"","exclude_author":"","first_name":"Jochum","last_name":"Beetsma","user_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com","job_title":"","description":"With over 30 years of experience in the coating and ink industry, Drs. Jochum Beetsma brings expertise in physical chemistry, raw materials, product development, innovation implementation and problem solving to his role as a paint and coatings industry expert at Prospector. As graduated physical chemist and PDMA-certified New Product Development Professional, Jochum Beetsma authors in-depth technical articles for Knowledge.ULProspector.com.\r\n\r\nSince 2004, Jochum is independent consultant, advising companies from around the world in coatings, inks and related industries. Jochum develops and executes in-company training programs on coatings and he works as interim project manager.\r\n\r\nPrior to becoming consultant, he spent 13 years at DSM Coating Resins. While at DSM, he was project manager of New Product Development projects, focusing on water-based, solvent-based, high-solids and powder coatings.\r\n\r\nHe also served as chairman of the Project Management Platform within DSM. 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