{"id":3859,"date":"2016-02-19T08:00:10","date_gmt":"2016-02-19T14:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=3859"},"modified":"2022-05-16T14:18:52","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T20:18:52","slug":"pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/3859\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\/","title":{"rendered":"Natural Preservatives and Colorants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2016\/02\/NaturalPreservCol02.jpg\" alt=\"NaturalPreservCol02\" width=\"400\" height=\"268\" \/>Natural-based ingredients are currently in vogue due to consumer perception that they are safer and better for the environment. And while it\u2019s true that preservatives and fragrances account for the majority of skin irritations and allergic reactions to cosmetic products, it is unlikely that natural-based materials are milder. An argument can be made that since they are normally complex mixtures, it is more likely they will cause problems.<\/p>\n<p>There are also regulatory considerations when using preservatives or ingredients with antimicrobial activity. In Europe and Japan, you need to use preservatives on the approved lists. In the US, there aren\u2019t any current restrictions. If you use an ingredient with known antimicrobial activity that is not on the approved list, you can face regulatory action unless an approved ingredient is included in the formulation. The best preservation strategy is normally to include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=&quot;chelating+agent&quot;&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chelating agents<\/a>, polyols, and other boosters to minimize the level of approved preservative needed.<\/p>\n<p>How we define \u201cnatural\u201d is also critical since many globally-approved preservatives occur naturally but are produced synthetically. These include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=paraben&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parabens<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=&quot;benzyl+Alcohol&quot;&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">benzyl alcohol<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=&quot;benzoic+acid&quot;&amp;st=31&amp;so=k_0&amp;sl=37615864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">benzoic acid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=&quot;sorbic+acid&quot;&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sorbic acid<\/a>, o-cymen-5-ol, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=phenoxyethanol&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phenoxyethanol<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Want to include natural ingredients in your personal care formulations?<\/h3>\n<p>Prospector has listings for thousands of natural ingredients from global suppliers. Get technical data, request samples and more now&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=natural&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\nSearch Material Data<br \/>\n<\/a><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Naturally produced chelators<\/h3>\n<p>Naturally-produced chelators can reduce formulation preservative levels by as much as 70%. Typical use levels are only .05-.1%.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/10735\/332188\/Sodium-Phytate?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sodium Phytate<\/a> from Deckner Consulting Services LLC dist. is extracted from rice and has a similar chelating profile as Disodium EDTA. It also has sebum-normalizing and moisturizing properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Naturally-produced polyols<\/h3>\n<p>Naturally-produced polyols help preservatives penetrate the cell walls of microbes. Typical use levels are 1-5%.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/5309\/600409\/MinaCare-Pentiol-Green?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pentiol Green+<\/a>\u00a0(Pentylene Glycol) from Minasolve is a renewable alternative of petro-sourced pentylene glycol derived from sugar cane bagasse or corn cobs. It has the best antimicrobial properties of any natural produced polyol. It also has moisturizing properties and is a good solvent.<\/li>\n<li>Haisugarcane BG (1,3 Butylene Glycol) from Kokyu Alcohol Kogyo Co. Ltd is a natural grade of butylene glycol produced from sugar cane.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=zemea&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zemea <\/a>(Propanediol) from DuPont Tate &amp; Lyle is produced by fermentation and is significantly less irritating than propylene glycol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nature-identical alcohols<\/h3>\n<p>The typical use levels of nature-identical alcohols are .5-5%.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=ethanol&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ethanol<\/a> is naturally produced by fermentation.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=&quot;methylbenzyl+alcohol&quot;&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Methylbenzyl alcohol<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Phenyl ethyl alcohol has a rose-like odor and similar activity to Phenoxyethanol.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/2450\/77554\/dermosoft-250?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dermosoft 250<\/a> (Phenylpropanol) by Dr. Straetmans has a pleasant hyacinth-like odor and is also a good solvent.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/15395\/366322\/Origanol---BCE3006?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Origanol <\/a>(Terpinen-4-ol) from Biocosmethic is a high purity natural terpinen-4-ol obtained by fractional distillation of tea tree oil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nature-identical acids<\/h3>\n<p>The activity of nature-identical acids is very PH dependent.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dermosoft 688 (Anisic acid) by Dr. Straetmans has anti-inflammatory and strong fungicidal activity. Optimal activity is PH 4-5-5.5<\/li>\n<li>Amiperfect by Alban Muller is derived from oil of wintergreen. Its optimal activity is PH 3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Botanical blends<\/h3>\n<p>All botanical blends have better activity than Phenoxyethanol, based on MIC data.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biosecur C160S (Glycerin (and) Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extract (and) Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Fruit Extract (and) Citrus Aurantium Sinensis Peel Extract (and) Ascorbic Acid (and) Lactic Acid (and) Citric Acid (and) Aqua) by Sharon Labs Dist. contains several citrus extracts and has synergistic activity when combined with benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, or Phenoxyethanol.<\/li>\n<li>Biopein (Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) Leaf Extract, Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract, Cinnamomum Zeylancum (Cinnamon) Bark Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract, Hydrastis Ca) by BioBotanica<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/3023\/92737\/Suprapein?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suprapein<\/a> (Origanum Vulgare (Oregano) Leaf Extract, Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract, Cinnamomum Zeylancum (Cinnamon) Bark Extract, Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) from BioBotanica<\/li>\n<li>Plantservative WSr (Lonicera Caprifolium (Honeysuckle) Extract, Lonicera Japonica (Honeysuckle) Flower Extract, Water (aqua)) by Campo<\/li>\n<li>Stabilize-New (Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Leaf Oil, Glyceryl Laurate, Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract) by Sabinsa Cosmetics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Natural Colorants<\/h3>\n<p>Natural colorants approved for cosmetic use in the U.S. include Annatto, Carmel, Carmine, Beta Carotene, Guaiazulene, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Titanium+Dioxide&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Titanium Dioxide<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Zinc+Oxide&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zinc Oxide<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=Iron+Oxide&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Iron Oxides<\/a>. These all are found in nature but most are synthetically produced. They can be used in externally applied cosmetic products including the eye area and are exempt from the FDA batch certification process.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Annatto&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Annatto<\/a> (Natural Orange 4-CI 75120) is an orange-red carotenoid-based dye extracted from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana). Annatto has good heat and PH stability (4.5-13) and can be formulated into both water and oil.<\/li>\n<li>Annatto Powder 7.5% by Wild Flavors Inc. contains 7.5% annatto and is water soluble.<\/li>\n<li>Annatto Color 3.8% Suspension from Wild Flavors Inc. contains 3.5% Annatto and is oil soluble.<\/li>\n<li>Carmel color (E150A) is a brown color manufactured by heating carbohydrates, either alone or in the presence of acids, alkalis, and\/or salts. Caramel color is produced from commercially available nutritive sweeteners consisting of fructose, dextrose (glucose), invert sugar, sucrose, malt syrup, molasses, starch hydrolysates and fractions thereof.<\/li>\n<li>Sethness RT175 Powdered Caramel Color Class I &#8211; E150A from Sethness Pro<\/li>\n<li>Carminic Acid (Natural Red 4-CI 75470) is a bright-red pigment which is extracted from the female cochineal insect. Carmine has excellent heat, light, and acid stability.<\/li>\n<li>ducts Company is a powdered form.<\/li>\n<li>Carminic Acid Color \/ Cochineal Extract Color by Food Ingredient Solutions is a water soluble extract.<\/li>\n<li>Beta-Carotene is a strongly-colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits. It is chemically classified as a terpenoid (isoprenoid).<\/li>\n<li>Beta Carotene 22% HSS from DSM Nutritional Products is a brick red suspension of Beta-Carotene in Corn Oil, with dl-\u03b1-Tocopherol, Ascorbyl Palmitate, and Citric Acid as preservatives. It can be added to oils.<\/li>\n<li>Guaiazulene is a dark blue crystalline material that is found in some essential oils, mainly oil of Guaiac and chamomile oil.<\/li>\n<li>Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white cosmetic pigment. It is available commercially in the Anatase and Rutile forms. The Rutile form is preferred because of better UV stability and greater color coverage.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Unipure+White&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unipure White <\/a>(Anatase) from Sensient Color Technologies<\/li>\n<li>Unipure White (Rutile) from Sensient Color Technologies<\/li>\n<li>Zinc Oxide is used as a white cosmetic pigment and has less color coverage than titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide should only be formulated in products that have a PH&gt;7 since zinc oxide can dissolve at acid PHs.<\/li>\n<li>AZO77USP (U.S. Zinc) is a USP grade of Zinc Oxide. U.S. Zinc is the world\u2019s largest producer of zinc oxide.<\/li>\n<li>Iron oxides (E172) are widely used color cosmetic pigments and are available in available in yellow, orange, red, brown, and black colors.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Suppliers\/817\/Sensient-Cosmetic-Technologies?st-31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sensient Color Technologies <\/a>produce the entire color range of cosmetic grade iron oxides (Unipure LC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Natural-based ingredients are currently in vogue due to consumer perception that they are safer and better for the environment. And while it\u2019s true that preservatives and fragrances account for the majority of skin irritations and allergic reactions to cosmetic products, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/3859\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3887,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[219],"ppma_author":[1251],"class_list":{"0":"post-3859","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-care-cosmetics-cleaners","8":"tag-category-overview","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Natural Preservatives and Colorants - Prospector Knowledge Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Looking for options for natural preservatives and colorants for your personal care formulations? Find specific ingredient suggestions here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/3859\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Natural Preservatives and Colorants - Prospector Knowledge Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Looking for options for natural preservatives and colorants for your personal care formulations? Find specific ingredient suggestions here.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/3859\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prospector Knowledge Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-02-19T14:00:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-05-16T20:18:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/pcc-NaturalPreservatives-cosmetics-OG.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"George Deckner\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2016\/02\/NaturalPreservCol03-150x150.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"George Deckner\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"George Deckner\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4e8c804f4d62b747a0827fe8a3456717\"},\"headline\":\"Natural Preservatives and Colorants\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-19T14:00:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-16T20:18:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1089,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/02\\\/NaturalPreservCol03.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Category Overview\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Personal Care &amp; Cosmetics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/\",\"name\":\"Natural Preservatives and Colorants - Prospector Knowledge Center\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/3859\\\/pcc-natural-preservatives-and-colorants\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/02\\\/NaturalPreservCol03.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-19T14:00:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-05-16T20:18:52+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4e8c804f4d62b747a0827fe8a3456717\"},\"description\":\"Looking for options for natural preservatives and colorants for your personal care formulations? 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. Learn more about Deckner Consulting Services...\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/george-deckner\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Natural Preservatives and Colorants - Prospector Knowledge Center","description":"Looking for options for natural preservatives and colorants for your personal care formulations? 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. 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