{"id":4740,"date":"2016-07-01T09:00:04","date_gmt":"2016-07-01T15:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=4740"},"modified":"2023-02-01T10:26:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:26:10","slug":"pcc-three-challenges-formulating-mild-surfactants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/4740\/pcc-three-challenges-formulating-mild-surfactants\/","title":{"rendered":"Three Challenges of Formulating with Mild Surfactants"},"content":{"rendered":"

Paid content by\u00a0Lubrizol Specialty Chemicals Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd<\/a><\/h4>\n

By Jingjuan Qi and Xianghua Qu<\/span><\/p>\n

Usage of <\/span>mild surfactants<\/span><\/a> in skin-cleansing products, especially amino-acid-based surfactants, has steadily increased in the past decade. It has shown a dramatic increase since 2014. The key driving force comes from high demands on healthy cleansing products with attractive sensory qualities. Mild surfactants provide low skin irritation and luxurious creamy foam at the beginning of washing. They are easy to rinse off but don\u2019t squeak during washing and have a \u00a0soft, moisturizing and smooth after-feel. The well-known challenge to formulate mild surfactants into skin-cleansing products is to balance thickening and speed of foaming. Some of the available thickening technologies could reach target viscosity, but often the required usage level is so high that they can potentially suppress the foam or make the foaming process difficult. In other cases, some technologies can provide thickening but can barely keep a stable viscosity at different temperatures\u2014it becomes watery at a high temperature and jelly at a low temperature. <\/span><\/p>\n

Challenge #1: Improving\u00a0Thickening Efficiency <\/b><\/p>\n

To achieve viscosity, the main existing thickening technologies on the market are conventional thickeners or associative thickeners. Conventional thickeners are most often <\/span>water-soluble polymers<\/span><\/a> of high molecular weight that rarely contain hydrophobic groups, like <\/span>xanthan gum<\/span><\/a> or cellulose esters. The mechanism of thickening comes from chain entanglement, hydrodynamic volume and flocculation of dispersed components. These high-molecular weight polymers can occupy big amounts of water, limiting the motion of water and therefore leading to the viscosity increase. Temperature and polymer dosage will significantly impact the bonded water content; therefore potential risk can be observed due to not forming a stable homogenous system, like in Figure 1, phase separation, or the systems are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. <\/span><\/p>\n

Another category is associative thickeners having hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The representative includes polyethylene glycol esters such as <\/span>PEG-150 Distearate, <\/span><\/a>hydrophobic modified cellulose, hydrophobic modified polysaccharide associative thickeners, hydrophobic modified acrylates copolymer or hydrophobically modified alkaline soluble emulsion (<\/span>HASE<\/span><\/a>). The polymer is hydrated and forms hydrophobic interaction with surfactant micelle to establish the network and achieve thickening. Normally it requires a high level of nonionic associative thickener, such as <\/span>PEG-150 Distearate<\/span>, to thicken a mild surfactant system. Compared with a conventional sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) system, a mild surfactant has a big hydrophilic head, so it \u00a0is not easy to form surfactant micelles. The hydrophobic interaction between polymer and surfactant micelle becomes the key driving force to build up the viscosity and stabilize the system. <\/span><\/p>\n

Challenge #2: Achieving\u00a0Viscosity Consistency at Different Temperatures<\/b><\/p>\n

The viscosity consistency at different temperatures is another key required performance that formulators are pursuing. As shown in Figure 2, you can see a summary of the comparison of commercialized <\/span>rheology modifiers<\/span><\/a>. The temperature impacts the water bonding ability and the associative interaction; therefore polymers such as <\/span>PEG-150 Distearate<\/span> or <\/span>HASE<\/span> show a big variation between high and low temperatures, which leads to a gelling effect at low temperatures and a significant loss of viscosity at high temperatures. This is not acceptable to consumers, especially when they use the product in different seasons. Charge repulsion, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding are the three main forces formed by a <\/span>polyacrylate crosspolymer<\/span><\/a>; therefore it is not sensitive to temperature variations. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"lubrizol-fig1-threechallenges\"<\/p>\n

\"lubrizol-fig1b-threechallenges\"<\/p>\n

Figure 1: Performance Comparison in a Mild Surfactant System<\/p>\n

\"lubrizol-fig2-threechallenges\"<\/p>\n

Figure 2: \u00a0Viscosity Consistency Performance at Different Temperatures<\/p>\n

Challenge #3: Achieving Creamy Foam Without Negative Influence on Foaming Speed<\/b><\/p>\n

Sensory qualities of a body wash formulation are a key performance that consumers can perceive directly. Both <\/span>crosspolymer-1<\/span> and <\/span>-2<\/span> are able to enhance foam creaminess with no negative influence on flash foam (foaming speed), as shown in Figure 3. However, normally thickeners will suppress foam volume as well as foaming speed when adding a certain amount to achieve required viscosity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lubrizol-fig3-threechallenges\"<\/p>\n

Other Challenges: Achieving Effective Suspension Power <\/b><\/p>\n

Albeit thickening and viscosity consistency are two main challenges for mild surfactant systems, when you want to expand a product line to develop eye-catching products with suspended functional or colorful beads, high suspension power for the formula should never be neglected. Compared with different <\/span>rheology modifiers<\/span> or thickeners, <\/span>crosslinked polymers<\/span> provide good suspension power. As shown in Figure 4, <\/span>crosspolymer-1<\/span> at 0.8 percent in <\/span>glycinate surfactant blends<\/span> can suspend different beads.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lubrizol-fig4-threechallenges\"<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n

To develop aesthetically pleasing, high-performance mild cleansing products that deliver consumers\u2019 expected traits such as thickening, suspension, viscosity consistency at different temperatures and foam richness, the technology of <\/span>cross-linked acrylates copolymers<\/span><\/a> like <\/span>crosspolymer-1<\/span> (<\/span>INCI:<\/span> Acrylates\/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer<\/span><\/a>) is highly recommended. <\/span><\/p>\n

About Lubrizol:<\/h3>\n

<\/a>
\n\"\"The Lubrizol Corporation, a Berkshire Hathaway company, is a technology-driven global company. We combine complex specialty chemicals to optimize the quality, performance and value of our customers’ products while reducing their environmental impact.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sponsored\u00a0Products from Lubrizol:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Glucamate\u2122 VLT Thickener<\/a>\"\"<\/strong> by Lubrizol \u2013 Glucamate\u2122 VLT thickener is an extremely effective, corn-derived nonionic thickener…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbopol\u00ae SC-200 Polymer<\/a>\"\"<\/strong> by Lubrizol \u2013 Carbopol\u00ae SC-200 Polymer is a new Acrylates\/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbopol\u00ae SC-500 Polymer\"\"<\/strong> by Lubrizol \u2013 For information about\u00a0Carbopol\u00ae SC-500 Polymer, please contact Lubrizol directly…<\/p>\n

For SEA region, please contact Liping.Wong@lubrizol.com<\/span><\/a> or Gary.Yao@lubrizol.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

For Greater China region, please contact Claire.Wu@lubrizol.com<\/span><\/a> or\u00a0<\/span>Jason.Zhang@lubrizol.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paid content by\u00a0Lubrizol Specialty Chemicals Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd By Jingjuan Qi and Xianghua Qu Usage of mild surfactants in skin-cleansing products, especially amino-acid-based surfactants, has steadily increased in the past decade. It has shown a dramatic increase since 2014. … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":4759,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[173,281],"ppma_author":[1250],"class_list":{"0":"post-4740","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-care-cosmetics-cleaners","8":"tag-lubrizol","9":"tag-paid-content","10":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nThree Challenges of Formulating with Mild Surfactants - Prospector Knowledge Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Usage of mild surfactants in skin-cleansing products, especially amino-acid-based surfactants, has increased in the past decade. 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