{"id":5101,"date":"2016-09-15T15:25:06","date_gmt":"2016-09-15T21:25:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=5101"},"modified":"2016-09-22T11:02:41","modified_gmt":"2016-09-22T17:02:41","slug":"pcc-silicones-the-formulation-wow-factor-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5101\/pcc-silicones-the-formulation-wow-factor-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Silicones: The Formulation Wow Factor, Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Read Part 1 <\/i><\/b>here<\/i><\/b><\/a>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Learn<\/p>\n

Silicone elastomers<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>resins<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>copolyols<\/span><\/a> are important cosmetic ingredients used to thicken, absorb oils, improve product wear, modify skin feel and act as emulsifiers and dispersing agents.<\/span><\/p>\n

Silicone Elastomers<\/h3>\n

Silicone elastomers are cross-linked gels dispersed in silicone or hydrocarbon carriers. Since first introduced to the personal-care industry by <\/span>Shin-Etsu<\/span><\/a> in 1988, they have had a major impact on color cosmetic, antiperspirant and skin-care formulations due to their outstanding properties. Typical uses include thickening, absorbing oil\/sebum, mattifying, feel modification and to produce water in oil emulsions. <\/span><\/p>\n

They are usually prepared by reacting a methyl hydrogen polysiloxane with a cross-linking agent (usually a vinyl-containing compound) in the presence of a \u00a0silicone solvent and a platinum catalyst. The mixture is then diluted using a carrier solvent with high-shear processing. <\/span><\/p>\n

Typical carrier solvents used include <\/span>dimethicone<\/span><\/a> (.5-10 cSt fluids), <\/span>cyclopentasiloxane<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>isododecane<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>isohexadecane<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>isononyl isononanoate<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Using alkyl hydrogen polysiloxanes, elastomers with better organic compatibility can be achieved. Emulsifying elastomer gels contain <\/span>alkyl-functionalized (C12) silicone<\/span><\/a> cross-linked with polyether and swollen in various organic oils. These can be used to produce emulsifier-free, quick-breaking, sterically stabilized water-in-oil emulsions that contain over 90 percent water. <\/span><\/p>\n

Silicone Resins<\/h3>\n

Silicone resins are hydrid molecules comprised of inorganic <\/span>silica<\/span><\/a> and organopolysiloxanes that have a three-dimensional network made up of principally tri- or tetrafunctional units. Silicone resins are typically produced by reacting chlorosilanes in the presence of catalysts and with chemicals, such as an alkyl or phenyl chloride, in a fluidized bed reactor. The insoluble powders are referred to as <\/span>polymethylsilsesquioxane<\/span><\/a> and are used for soft-focus or wrinkle-blurring effects and as feel-modifiers to give a smooth, soft, non-tacky skin feel. <\/span><\/p>\n

Soluble resins are called <\/span>trimethylsiloxysilicate (MQ)<\/span><\/a>,<\/span> polypropylsilsesquioxane<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>polyphenylsilsesquioxane<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>alkyldimethylsilyl polypropylsilsesquioxanes<\/span><\/a>. They are used as film formers to improve the wear\/transfer and wash resistance of cosmetics. <\/span>MQ resins<\/span><\/a> are normally too brittle to be used by themselves and are usually combined with other resins or <\/span>silicone fluids<\/span><\/a> for optimal film formation. <\/span><\/p>\n

Silicone Copolyols<\/h3>\n

Silicone copolyols<\/span><\/a> are surface-active ingredients that contain both a water-insoluble silicone backbone and water-soluble polyether groups. The ratio of the silicone to polyether\u2014and the molecular weight and composition of the components\u2014determine the solubility and specific properties of a product. The polyether groups can either be terminal or pendant on the silicone backbone. Silicone copolyols are made by hydrosilylation of apolyoxyalkylene monoallyl ether and an SiH fluid. They are used as dispersing agents, wetting agents, to reduce formulation tack, condition hair and as emulsifiers for both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recommended elastomers<\/b> (available as gels and powders):<\/span><\/p>\n