{"id":5382,"date":"2016-10-21T08:15:27","date_gmt":"2016-10-21T14:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=5382"},"modified":"2023-03-09T17:06:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T23:06:57","slug":"pcc-personal-care-rheological-agents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5382\/pcc-personal-care-rheological-agents\/","title":{"rendered":"Personal Care Rheological Agents: An Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<figure id=\"attachment_5384\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 300px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=Rheological+Agent&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2016\/10\/47261938_m-300x185.jpg\" alt=\"Learn the basics of personal care rheological agents, plus tips and trends for use in the Prospector Knowledge Center.\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Copyright: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.123rf.com\/profile_t0pkul3\">t0pkul3 \/ 123RF Stock Photo<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=Rheological+Agent&amp;st=31\">Rheological agents<\/a> are multi-functional, ubiquitous ingredients found in most formulations that can significantly impact stability and performance. Nothing is more fundamental to a formulation than creating structure. Learning how to choose the correct technology for your formulation can dramatically improve in use product performance and stability.<\/p>\n<h4>Rheological Agent Benefits<\/h4>\n<p>Key benefits of using rheological agents include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Create+viscosity&amp;st=31\">Create viscosity<\/a> to improve product stability, dispensability and functionality<\/li>\n<li>Stabilize suspensions, anhydrous gels, and emulsions<\/li>\n<li>Disperse and stabilize solids<\/li>\n<li>Modify skin feel and product in use attributes<\/li>\n<li>Improve product efficacy (SPF, moisturization, deposition, foam\/lather)<\/li>\n<li>Can function as primary emulsifiers in oil in water formulations<\/li>\n<li>Can reduce irritation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Thickening Mechanisms<\/h4>\n<p>All thickening mechanisms involve solvent binding or immobilization. These include absorption, adsorption, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic repulsion, and hydrophobe\/hydrophobe interaction. The various technologies used to thicken solvents include soluble\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=swellable+polymers&amp;st=31\">swellable polymers<\/a> and natural polymers which can contain a mixture a soluble\/swellable polymers.<\/p>\n<p>Other technologies include fiber forming networks, and particles, which can be porous or charged. Colloidal structures such as lamellar\/liquid crystalline phases, elongated micelles, and high internal phase water in oil or oil in water emulsions containing over 50% emulsified phase can also be very effective at creating structure.<\/p>\n<p>The typical technologies that are used to thicken water continuous formulations include swellable\/soluble polymers, lamellar crystalline phases, elongated micelles, and particles. The classes of soluble polymers include starches, polysaccharides and cellulosics. All of these can be anionic, cationic, or nonionic in nature.<\/p>\n<p>Swellable polymers include alkali or acid swellable anionic or cationic polymers, hydrophobically modified alkali swellable anionic polymers, and hydrophobically modified nonionics (polyols, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated urethanes). The most common rheological agents used in oil in water formulations are anionic swellable polymers, soluble polysaccharide based polymers, and lamellar crystalline phases used alone or in combination with swellable or soluble polymers.<\/p>\n<p>The most common thickeners for surfactant based products include salt, amides and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=amphoteric&amp;st=31\">amphoteric surfactants<\/a> which promote thickening by forming elongated micelles. Hydrophobically modified nonionics or acrylates function by cross-linking micelles.<\/p>\n<p>Technologies used to thicken various polarity oils include Aluminum Distearate, waxes, network forming fibers, particles, and oil soluble\/swellable polymers. Fiber formers include Glutamide esters.<\/p>\n<p>Waxes used to create structure include long chain hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, and esters. Many natural based waxes often contain a mixture of various chemical classes.<\/p>\n<p>Common viscosifying particles include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=Silicone+elastomers&amp;st=31\">silicone elastomers<\/a>, Aerogels, hydrophobically modified Aerogels, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Product\/search?k=fumed+Silica&amp;st=31\">fumed Silica<\/a>, hydrophobically modified Silica, and cationic surfactant modified clays. Oil soluble polymers used include Polyethylene, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=Ethylene%2FAcrylic+acid%20copolymers&amp;st=31\">Ethylene\/Acrylic acid copolymers<\/a>, Synthetic wax, Dextran fatty esters, and alkyl modified acrylates.<\/p>\n<h4>Rheological Agent Formulation tips<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Determine the desired critical properties (e.g. PH, electrolyte tolerance, solubility, clarity, compatibility, rheology profile, processing restrictions, cost, skin feel).<\/li>\n<li>Think value-added: use thickeners that can provide additional benefits.<\/li>\n<li>Think combinations, especially by using thickeners that work by different mechanisms. Rarely is the optimum rheological system one ingredient.<\/li>\n<li>Always determine a viscosity\/rheological system dose response for your formulation.<\/li>\n<li>Thickening systems that maintain viscosity at elevated temperatures will give you better heat stability.<\/li>\n<li>Thin, sprayable formulations with suspended solids require systems with a high yield value and shear thinning behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Develop multiple options; some will fail.<\/li>\n<li>Work to minimize the amount of thickener used. Generally, the best rheological system is the one that is the most efficient.<\/li>\n<li>Swellable polymers generally provide higher low shear viscosity and yield then soluble polymers.<\/li>\n<li>Using only swellable polymers can cause syneresis in some formulations containing high density suspended solids. Combinations with soluble polymers can improve performance.<\/li>\n<li>Divalent or trivalent salts have a significantly greater impact on swellable polymer viscosity than monovalent ones.<\/li>\n<li>Small changes in the thickener level can have a profound effect. For most polymers, viscosity increases exponentially with concentration. A solution could be thin at .5% and a viscous gel at 1%. Flattening this viscosity response by using combinations of materials will make your formulation more robust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Rheological Agent Trends<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Growing use of acrylate and polyurethane dispersions to thicken shampoos and shower gels.<\/li>\n<li>Growing use of natural emollient-based materials for thickening shampoos and shower gels.<\/li>\n<li>Less use of ethoxylated nonionics as thickeners for shampoos and shower gels.<\/li>\n<li>Development of more hydrophobically modified polymers both as thickening emulsifiers and to improve salt tolerance.<\/li>\n<li>Development of cr\u00e8me gel formulations. These are sterically stabilized oil in water or water in oil emulsions that contain no emulsifiers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Rheology Videos<\/h4>\n<p>Did you know the Knowledge Center is home to\u00a0a four-part video series on Rheology? <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/4607\/pc-rheology-introduction\/\">See Part 1, and get links to the others here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5px\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: #999; color: #fff; padding: 5px;\">Sponsored Products<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/dm\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1787&amp;AdvertiserID=209&amp;CampaignID=1561&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=337085\" rel=\"nofollow\">GlucoTain<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Flex<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/dm\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1787&amp;AdvertiserID=209&amp;CampaignID=1561&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=337085\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/><\/strong> by Clariant &#8211; Personal Care is a versatile solution offering freedom when formulating. With its medium creamy foam, it leaves a smooth, nourished after feel and provides excellent color protection. Especially suitable for fine, damaged and colored hair, GlucoTain<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Flex is recommended for volume, anti-ageing and color protecting shampoos.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-family: Gotham, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; padding: 5px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/dm\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1788&amp;AdvertiserID=209&amp;CampaignID=1562&amp;Task=Click&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=429461\" rel=\"nofollow\">GlucoTain<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Plus<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/dm\/a.aspx?ZoneID=0&amp;BannerID=1788&amp;AdvertiserID=209&amp;CampaignID=1562&amp;Task=Get&amp;Mode=TEXT&amp;SiteID=1&amp;RandomNumber=429461\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" border=\"0\" \/> <\/strong> by Clariant &#8211; Personal Care is a mild surfactant with a excellent cleansing and wetting ability. When used as a surfactant it is especially suitable for formulations featuring light and abundant foam such as refreshing, vitalizing showers, hand washes, men showers and 2-in-1 shower &amp; hair products.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rheological agents are multi-functional, ubiquitous ingredients found in most formulations that can significantly impact stability and performance. Nothing is more fundamental to a formulation than creating structure. Learning how to choose the correct technology for your formulation can dramatically improve &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5382\/pcc-personal-care-rheological-agents\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[171,209],"ppma_author":[1251],"class_list":{"0":"post-5382","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-care-cosmetics-cleaners","8":"tag-rheology","9":"tag-primer","10":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Personal care rheological agents: thickeners, tips &amp; 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. 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