{"id":5912,"date":"2017-02-10T08:00:56","date_gmt":"2017-02-10T14:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=5912"},"modified":"2018-02-09T14:06:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T20:06:36","slug":"pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Operating at PAEK performance: an overview of polyaryletherketones"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is a family of semi-crystalline thermoplastics with high-temperature stability and high mechanical strength. Plastics that fall within this family include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Polyetherketone (PEK)<\/li>\n<li>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)<\/li>\n<li>Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)<\/li>\n<li>Polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK)<\/li>\n<li>And the wonderfully named polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The first significant commercialisation in this field was PEEK. Victrex of Lancashire, England, introduced PEEK resins commercially in 1981, when it was a unit of ICI Chemicals. The company went private in a management buyout in 1993. ICI also manufactured other high temperature thermoplastics under the Victrex trade name, notably polyethersulphone (PES).<\/p>\n<p>The German plastics giant BASF AG exited the race to gain market share with PEK resins, ending its attempt to break into the market for polyketones, and stopping production and marketing of polyetheretherketoneketone (PEKEKK) resins. This left Victrex as the sole supplier of PEK resins in the world.<\/p>\n<p>But growth rates for PEEK, increasingly used because of its high mechanical strength and chemical resistance in automotive, electronics, aircraft and medical applications, are around 10 percent. As a result, other suppliers have entered the market. Suppliers of PEEK now include Victrex (UK), Solvay Speciality Polymers (Belgium and US), Panjin Zhongrun High Performance Polymers (China) and Jida Evonik High Performance Polymers (China).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recent developments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reflecting this high demand for high-heat engineering thermoplastics, in 2015, Solvay announced that it would invest more than $85 million in expansions at its Specialty Polymers site in Augusta, Georgia and at a site already under construction in Panoli, India. Solvay&#8217;s global PEEK capacity is now more than 2,500 metric tons with a new plant in Augusta, Georgia.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, Victrex also announced a return to double-digit growth and a \u00a31.3 million grant from the UK government\u2019s Regional Growth Fund to build a Polymer Innovation Center in a major new R&amp;D facility in northern England.<\/p>\n<p>These announcements were particularly timely because of the shortages of SABIC\u2019s Ultem polyetherimide (PEI) high-heat resin, triggered in part by failure of capacity to keep up with demand.<\/p>\n<p>PAEKs can be produced in two ways: the nucleophilic route and the electrophilic route. The nucleophilic route has the formation of ether linkages in the polymerization step. The electrophilic route has the formation of carbonyl bridges during the polymerization step.<\/p>\n<p>They can be processed using all of the typical thermoplastic processes, such as injection molding, extrusion, compression molding, and transfer molding.<\/p>\n<p>Due to excellent resistance to hydrolysis, the materials are being used in medical devices because they do not break down when sterilized. For example, PEKEKK is used to make surgical implants, such as artificial hips.<\/p>\n<p>PEEK melts at a relatively high temperature (343\u00b0C), compared to most other thermoplastics. The San Francisco company Fictiv demonstrated for the first time the possibility of processing granular PEEK into filament form and 3D printing parts from the filament material using fused deposition modeling (FDM).<\/p>\n<p>In January 2016 the German start-up Indmatec presented a PEEK filament for producing medical devices up to class IIa. With this new filament, it is possible to use the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method for different medical applications, including dentures.<\/p>\n<p>PEEK is not traditionally a shape memory polymer; however, recent advances in processing have allowed shape memory behavior in PEEK with mechanical activation. This technology has expanded to applications in orthopedic surgery.<\/p>\n<p><strong>China approval for PEEK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Solvay has announced that Zeniva PEEK, one of the four products comprising its family of Solviva Biomaterials offered for use in implantable devices for spine, orthopedics, cardiovascular and dental applications, has successfully passed the biocompatibility testing at the China Food and Drug Administration\u2019s Tianjin Medical Device Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The inspection center at Tianjin is recognized as the most influential testing agency in the field of orthopedics in China.<\/p>\n<p>Solvay\u2019s family of Solviva Biomaterials has been commercially available in China since 2013. In addition to Zeniva, the product line features Veriva polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), which combines toughness with transparency and excellent biocompatibility; Proniva self-reinforced polyphenylene; and Eviva polysulfone (PSU), a transparent, biocompatible polymer that offers high strength and toughness.<\/p>\n<p>All can be sterilized using all conventional methods including gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, and steam. These sterilizable products are available in grades for injection molding or extrusion, as well as stock shapes for machined components.<\/p>\n<p>The test took over a year to complete and during this lengthy process, properties of Zeniva PEEK such as sensitization, intra-cutaneous toxicity, acute systemic toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, genotoxicity and bone implant compatibility tests were examined to ensure biological safety in the human body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PEEK medical devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zeniva PEEK boasts a modulus very close to that of cortical bone, plus excellent fatigue resistance and toughness. In addition, it offers advantages over metals, such as reduction of stress shielding, no heavy metal allergy or ion erosion, and has radiolucent properties which allow x-ray and CT scanning procedures without interference.<\/p>\n<p>At the EUROSPINE 2016 exhibition, Solvay announced that its medical grade KetaSpire PEEK and AvaSpire PAEK polymers have enabled medical device pioneer, Shanghai Reach Medical Instrument Company, to develop a lighter, more ergonomic and highly cost-effective kit of reusable instruments for spinal surgeries.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor decades, metal was the material of choice for medical instruments because conventional plastics could not deliver metal\u2019s combination of high modulus, strong chemical resistance and compatibility with stringent sterilization methods,\u201d said Xiaomin Huang, General Manager of Shanghai Reach. \u201cToday, Solvay\u2019s broad range of specialty polymers is changing that reality \u2013 not only by offering metal-like performance, but by also enabling the fabrication of more complex and integrated parts through cost-effective injection molding.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Shanghai Reach\u2019s innovative kit includes six reusable instruments: one rod bender, two pairs of distraction and compression pliers, and three awls. For the rod bender, the medical device-maker specified KetaSpire KT-880 CF 30 PEEK, a 30 percent carbon fiber-reinforced resin that delivers the high strength and stiffness necessary to bend implantable 5.5-6.0 mm titanium rods. For the pliers and awls, Shanghai Reach chose AvaSpire\u00ae AV 651 GF 50 PAEK, a 50 percent glass fiber-reinforced resin offering a cost-effective balance of strength, stiffness and dimensional stability.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5913\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 607px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/02\/andy-Shanghai_surgical_instrument.jpeg\" alt=\"Shanghai Reach's surgical distraction and compression pliers; courtesy Solvay Speciality Polymers\" width=\"607\" height=\"558\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Shanghai Reach&#8217;s surgical distraction and compression pliers; courtesy Solvay Speciality Polymers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Typically, these parts would be made from stainless steel. But Shanghai Reach\u2019s goal was to reduce instrument weight by up to 70 percent for improved ergonomics, yet not compromise on mechanical properties or sterilizability.<\/p>\n<p>Elsewhere, Instratek, a developer of medical devices for extremity surgery, has chosen Solvay\u2019s biocompatible Zeniva PEEK resin to fabricate the radiolucent implant component of its innovative ToeTac Hammertoe Fixation System for the operative repair of hammertoe deformities.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5914\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 537px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/02\/andy-Instratecs_ToeTac_Hammertoe_Fixation_System.png\" alt=\"Instratek's ToeTac Hammertoe Fixation System; courtesy Solvay Speciality Polymers\" width=\"537\" height=\"171\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Instratek&#8217;s ToeTac Hammertoe Fixation System; courtesy Solvay Speciality Polymers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Looking for PAEKs for your plastic formulations?<\/h3>\n<p>Prospector has listings for polyaryletherketone (PAEK) products from global suppliers. Find technical data, order samples and more now&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/plastics.ulprospector.com\/generics\/29\/polyaryletherketone-paek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nSearch now<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is a family of semi-crystalline thermoplastics with high-temperature stability and high mechanical strength. Plastics that fall within this family include: Polyetherketone (PEK) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) Polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK) And the wonderfully named polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK) The first significant commercialisation &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":5916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30,21],"tags":[236,275],"ppma_author":[1238],"class_list":{"0":"post-5912","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-materials","8":"category-plastics-2","9":"tag-material-overview","10":"tag-materials","11":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Polyaryletherketones (PAEKs): an overview, innovations, and trends<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PAEK, PEEK, PEKEKK...? 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Since then, Andy has continued to publish online, including his own title New Materials International (www.newmaterials.com). He is also a regular contributor to many specialist engineering titles in the UK and Europe, including Controls, Drives &amp; Automation (CDA), Engineering &amp; Technology (E&amp;T), and Environmental Technology. As technology companies strive to manage their own websites, they are recognising the need to develop their writing and editing resources. Andy now works directly for companies in the manufacturing sector, delivering technical content through this medium for their current and prospective customers. Working with end users, PR agencies and website designers, this business is growing rapidly and Andy is aactively building a team of expert writers to fufil the demand for feature articles, news items and white papers.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.ulprospector.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/andy-pye\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Polyaryletherketones (PAEKs): an overview, innovations, and trends","description":"PAEK, PEEK, PEKEKK...? 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Plastics expert Andy Pye walks you through how these lightweight plastics are used, plus some recent innovations and trends.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/PAEK-medical-device-OG-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/PAEK-medical-device-OG-1.jpg","width":600,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5912\/pe-paek-polyaryletherketones-overview\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Operating at PAEK performance: an overview of polyaryletherketones"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/","name":"Prospector Knowledge Center","description":"Welcome to the blog for UL Prospector, the most comprehensive raw material search engine for product developers.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/#\/schema\/person\/441082c0781d296fc60a593727eae674","name":"Andy Pye","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg3e58e840009b2ffbaebd613d67175564","url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","caption":"Andy Pye"},"description":"Andy Pye is a technologist, technical writer, journalist and editor based in London, England close to the Greenwich Meridian line. Having originally qualified as a metallurgist at Cambridge University, Andy spent a period as a consultant, where he specialised in advanced composites, asbestos substitutes and the methodology of materials selection, subjects on which he has published several books and technical papers. Since the early 1980s, he has edited many of the leading manufacturing and engineering titles in the UK, firstly cutting his teeth as a technical journalist on Design Engineering. Known as \"The Materials Man\", he covered many of the early innovations in engineering plastics. He was promoted to editor in 1985 and subsequently moved on to edit Engineering magazine (1992), and Industrial Technology (1994). In 1999, with former colleagues, he launched Pro-Talk, which founded the first online publications for engineers in Europe - the then thriving business was sold to Centaur Publications in 2006. Since then, Andy has continued to publish online, including his own title New Materials International (www.newmaterials.com). He is also a regular contributor to many specialist engineering titles in the UK and Europe, including Controls, Drives &amp; Automation (CDA), Engineering &amp; Technology (E&amp;T), and Environmental Technology. As technology companies strive to manage their own websites, they are recognising the need to develop their writing and editing resources. Andy now works directly for companies in the manufacturing sector, delivering technical content through this medium for their current and prospective customers. Working with end users, PR agencies and website designers, this business is growing rapidly and Andy is aactively building a team of expert writers to fufil the demand for feature articles, news items and white papers.","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.ulprospector.com"],"url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/author\/andy-pye\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":1238,"user_id":22,"is_guest":0,"slug":"andy-pye","display_name":"Andy Pye","avatar_url":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/10\/Andy-Pye_avatar_1508792576-96x96.jpg","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5912\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5912"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}