{"id":6711,"date":"2017-06-30T00:00:42","date_gmt":"2017-06-30T06:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=6711"},"modified":"2023-06-06T12:54:04","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T18:54:04","slug":"lmf-some-additives-required-lubricant-additives-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/6711\/lmf-some-additives-required-lubricant-additives-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Some Additives Required: Lubricant Additives, Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_6712\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 975px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/06\/cc3d360962a53a42b85de2db960d2132c0485cadc9441271d8e3708931b6901a.png\" alt=\"Lubricant additives offer a variety of functions in machine settings. Learn about common properties and their uses in this article.\" width=\"975\" height=\"616\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Can Stock Photo \/ EdwBart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><strong>Key concepts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Common lubricant properties: clean, cool, lubricate and seal.<\/li>\n<li>Lubricant additives are chemical components or blends that provide one or more functions in the fluid, when used at a specific treat rate.<\/li>\n<li>Including a Certified Lubrication Specialist\u2122 (CLS) chemist on your team can help safely manage additives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Common lubricant properties<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In most scenarios, lubricants:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Clean<\/em>: wash away metal wear debris or chips in metalworking applications<\/li>\n<li><em>Cool<\/em>: remove heat from machine or machining surfaces<\/li>\n<li><em>Lubricate<\/em>: keep moving surfaces separate<\/li>\n<li><em>Seal<\/em>: fill in surface voids and gaps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Once you identify the right oil for the project, lubricant additives can help achieve the desired results.<\/p>\n<p>In particular, metalworking fluid (MWF) additives can also prevent undesirable events such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>poor surface finish<\/li>\n<li>chemical attack on the work piece<\/li>\n<li>mechanical damage<\/li>\n<li>metallurgical change to the mechanism<\/li>\n<li>thermal damage<\/li>\n<li>electrical changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, working with MWFs can have its hazards, which can lead to employee health and safety issues, plug filters and cause operational problems. One must watch for and minimize these effects, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mist, which may lead to respiratory problems<\/li>\n<li>skin conditions such as dermatitis<\/li>\n<li>microbial and fungal growth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/06\/82613abd342be2fb672ed09568a45e768f69896256a505c457c071163becc68a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"975\" height=\"450\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Lubricant additives, explained<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Additives are a chemical component or blend used at a specific treat rate, generally from &lt; 1 to 35 percent, to provide one or more functions in the fluid. Ideally, additive components are multifunctional. They are soluble in mineral oil, water or sometimes both.<\/p>\n<p>Second, additives offer or help with a wide variety of functions, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>boundary lubricity<\/li>\n<li>extreme pressure (EP)<\/li>\n<li>inhibiting corrosion<\/li>\n<li>boosting reserve alkalinity<\/li>\n<li>emulsification<\/li>\n<li>antimisting<\/li>\n<li>antimicrobial pesticide<\/li>\n<li>antifoam additives and defoamers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With such a variety of effects, chemists often look for additives that can be multifunctional as well as compatible with different chemicals in a formulation, both with other additives as well as the base fluid.<\/p>\n<h3>Looking for additives for your lubrication formulation?<\/h3>\n<p>Prospector has listings for hundreds of additives\/additive packages. Register now to get access to data sheets, request samples, and more.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRegister Now<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Performance-related lubricant additives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/06\/3735dbdbda3fa00d7517a3ca65844a590901a9ed11151c5133f9c4412c9026ce.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"258\" \/>The properties of the oil are augmented by lubricant additives.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Boundary Lubricity Additives <\/strong>enhance fluid lubricity by adsorbing on the metal surface to form a film, limiting metal-tometal contact. Examples include lard and canola oil. Solid lubricants can also be used for boundary lubrication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extreme Pressure Additives <\/strong>are a special type of boundary lubricity additive that form a metal salt layer between mating surfaces that limit friction, wear and damage. Examples include:\n<ul>\n<li>Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP)<\/li>\n<li>Chlorinated paraffins<\/li>\n<li>Sulfurized lard oils<\/li>\n<li>Phosphate esters<\/li>\n<li>Overbased calcium sulfonates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corrosion Inhibitors <\/strong>prevent the fluid from corroding machine surfaces, metal work piece, cutting tool and machine tool. Examples include:\n<ul>\n<li>Overbased sulfonates<\/li>\n<li>Alkanolamides<\/li>\n<li>Aminoborates<\/li>\n<li>Aminocarboxylates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reserve Alkalinity Additives <\/strong>essentially serve as a buffer, neutralizing acidic contaminants to preserve the fluid\u2019s corrosion protection and maintain the pH in a suitable range. Examples include alkanolamines like:\n<ul>\n<li>Monoethanolamine (MEA)<\/li>\n<li>Triethanolamine (TEA)<\/li>\n<li>Aminomethylpropanol (AMP)<\/li>\n<li>2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Metal Deactivators <\/strong>prevent the MWF from staining nonferrous alloys (such as copper and brass) and reduce corrosion when dissimilar metals contact each other. They act by forming a protective coating on the metal surface. Examples include:\n<ul>\n<li>Mercaptobenzothiazole<\/li>\n<li>Tolyltriazole<\/li>\n<li>Benzotriazole<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Detergents <\/strong>stabilize dirt and wear debris in oil formulations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emulsifiers <\/strong>reducing interfacial tension between incompatible components by forming micelles, thereby stabilizing oil-soluble additives in water-dilutable MWFs. These micelles \u2014droplets in a colloidal system\u2014then can remain suspended in the fluid. Milk is an emulsion. In MWFs, examples include sodium petroleum sulfonate and alkanolamine salts of fatty acids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Couplers <\/strong>help stabilize water-dilutable MWFs in the concentrate to prevent component separation. Couplers facilitate formation of soluble oil emulsions. Examples include:\n<ul>\n<li>Propylene glycol<\/li>\n<li>Glycol ethers<\/li>\n<li>Nonionic alkoxylates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chelating Agents <\/strong>(also known as water softeners or conditioners) reduce the destabilizing effect of hard water (calcium and magnesium ions) on MWF emulsions. An example might be ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antimist Additives <\/strong>minimize the amount of lubricant that disperses into the air during machining. They are typically polymers and\/or wetting agents. For oil-based systems, ethylene, propylene copolymers and polyisobutenes are used. For water-based systems, polyethylene oxides are common.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dyes<\/strong> change the color of the lubricant or MWF, usually as requested by the customer. In water-diluted fluids, their main value is to indicate that product is present, since some of these can be clear and water-like in appearance. However, dyes carry some negatives:\n<ul>\n<li>They can stain skin and paint<\/li>\n<li>Some water-soluble dyes are unstable and can change color<\/li>\n<li>Some dyes can pass through waste treatment systems, resulting in pollution downstream.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2017\/06\/231a07109db805af36a7ef7176aae388c1b1b758b56ab7541dac4e62117e2636-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Additives must perform even more tasks when the lubricant is a MWF.<\/p>\n<p>Use of some additives can carry substantial risk, so working with a specialized chemist\u2014such as one with STLE certification\u2014is critical. It is also important to have a good working relationship with lubricant, MWF and additive suppliers. This team can keep your system in balance and safely working at optimum performance levels.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Learn more about lubricant additives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>For a more in-depth overview of lubricant additives and their applications, see Tribology &amp; Lubrication Technology\u2019s article: <a href=\"http:\/\/digitaleditions.walsworthprintgroup.com\/publication\/?i=233865&amp;ver=html5&amp;p=22\">The Mysterious World of Lubricant Additives<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key concepts Common lubricant properties: clean, cool, lubricate and seal. Lubricant additives are chemical components or blends that provide one or more functions in the fluid, when used at a specific treat rate. Including a Certified Lubrication Specialist\u2122 (CLS) chemist &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/6711\/lmf-some-additives-required-lubricant-additives-explained\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":6717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[244],"ppma_author":[1275],"class_list":{"0":"post-6711","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lubricants-metalworking-fluids","8":"tag-function","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lubricant additives: Properties, functions, and applications<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lubricant additives offer a variety of functions in machine settings. 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