{"id":7668,"date":"2018-02-02T08:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-02-02T14:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=7668"},"modified":"2018-02-28T11:19:39","modified_gmt":"2018-02-28T17:19:39","slug":"lmf-lubricants-for-natural-gas-engines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/7668\/lmf-lubricants-for-natural-gas-engines\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting the Right Mix: Lubricants for Natural Gas Engines"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2018\/01\/lmf-natural-gas-863229_600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Natural gas drill - learn how lubricants for natural gas engines must function for proper maintenance in the Knowledge Center.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/>By Stuart Brown<\/p>\n<h3>Key concepts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Because natural gas burns hotter than diesel fuel or gasoline, lubricants for natural gas engines can operate under severe heat stress.<\/li>\n<li>Natural gas is a \u2018dry\u2019 fuel that needs to be used with lubricating oil that produces \u2018oil ash\u2019 as a byproduct of combustion.<\/li>\n<li>The classification system used for automobile oils doesn\u2019t apply to natural gas-burning engines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In circumstances where natural gas is available as a fuel for piston engines, it can be burned under workloads ranging from very low to very high while engine rotational speed is often kept constant. Typical uses of such engines are in the oil and gas industry and in electric power generation where such tasks as compressing natural gas are common.<\/p>\n<p>Because natural gas burns hotter than diesel fuel or gasoline, the lubricating oil for natural gas engines can operate under conditions of severe heat stress when temperatures exceed 90 C, particularly in certain areas within the engine such as the cylinder walls, piston under-crowns and valve guides. This is a little too hot for an engine\u2019s long-term health.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the lubes industry we have a rule of thumb, which says for every 10 degrees above 80 C, the oxidation rate doubles,\u201d says Kevin McDermott, senior technical services advisor at Petro-Canada Lubricants, Inc. Oxidation, along with the related process of nitration, must be kept in check to assure that oil can fend off chemical degradation. McDermott presented his views at an STLE Education Webinar titled &#8220;Natural Gas Engine Oils.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Compared to diesel fuel or gasoline, which are liquids, natural gas is a <em>dry<\/em> fuel that needs to be used with lubricating oil that produces <em>oil ash<\/em> as a byproduct of combustion. In the right concentration, ash will form a deposit on the seating surfaces of exhaust valves that are needed to prevent what\u2019s known as valve recession. When the proper amount of ash is present\u2014not too much and not too little\u2014the faces of the exhaust valves and their hard metal seats located in the cylinder head are protected against the demon of recession. Too much ash, on the other hand, can permit excessive deposits to form and cause hot combustion gases to leak around the valve seats, burning them. Overly thick ash deposits also can behave as unwanted insulators that impede the natural flow of heat away from the valves. Bathed in a flow of fresh incoming fuel and air, intake valves run much cooler than exhaust valves and thus don\u2019t need any ash to sustain their health (<em>see Figure 1<\/em>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7670\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 975px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2018\/01\/lmf-natural-gas-engine-ash-deposit.png\" alt=\"Natural gas engine ash deposit - learn more about lubricants for natural gas engines in the Prospector Knowledge Center\" width=\"975\" height=\"270\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. How much ash deposit is enough?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What lubrication oil formulation is the best one for a particular natural gas-fueled engine? It all depends.<\/p>\n<p>Looking for an American Petroleum Institute service indicator label on an oil bottle won\u2019t get you anywhere; the classification system used for automobile oils doesn\u2019t apply to natural gas-burning engines. The user must proceed with lessons learned from field experience, along with specifications issued by engine manufacturers. Several engine OEMs list oils that are suitable for use in their equipment (<em>see Figure 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7671\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"width: 468px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2018\/01\/natural-gas-engine-oil-equipment.jpg\" alt=\"Natural gas engine oil equipment - learn more about lubricants for natural gas engines in the Prospector Knowledge Center.\" width=\"468\" height=\"341\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 2. Natural gas engine oil equipment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Over the years natural gas engines have advanced immensely thanks to evolved mechanical designs and higher combustion temperatures that contribute to better fuel efficiency and power output for a given engine size. Along with these improvements, oils have been formulated with superior resistance to oxidation and nitration. Ash is derived from metallic elements in the additive package such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorous (<em>see Getting the Ash Content Right<\/em>).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Getting the ash content right<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Factors affecting ash deposit accumulations<\/li>\n<li>Engine make and model<\/li>\n<li>Oil consumption rate<\/li>\n<li>Engine load<\/li>\n<li>Fuel gas composition<\/li>\n<li>Engine setup\n<ul>\n<li>Air\/fuel ratio<\/li>\n<li>Exhaust gas temperature<\/li>\n<li>Ignition timing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Foreign chemistry\n<ul>\n<li>Aftermarket additives<\/li>\n<li>Coolant leaks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Dig deeper<\/h3>\n<p>This article features highlights of a Webinar originally presented by Kevin McDermott for STLE Education on Feb. 3, 2016. You can read the recap and purchase the full webinar recording of \u201cNatural Gas Engine Oils\u201d at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stle.org\/files\/TLTArchives\/2017\/01_January\/Webinars.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.stle.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Search for base oils in Prospector<\/h3>\n<p>Prospector has listings for hundreds of base oils from global suppliers. Find technical data, order samples and more now&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Lubricants\/Product\/search?k=Base+Oils&amp;sug=1&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\nSearch now<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>About the author<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2018\/01\/Stuart-Brown.jpg\" alt=\"Stuart Brown, freelance writer\" width=\"108\" height=\"143\" \/>You can reach freelance writer Stuart F. Brown at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stuartfbrown.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.stuartfbrown.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Stuart Brown Key concepts Because natural gas burns hotter than diesel fuel or gasoline, lubricants for natural gas engines can operate under severe heat stress. Natural gas is a \u2018dry\u2019 fuel that needs to be used with lubricating oil &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/7668\/lmf-lubricants-for-natural-gas-engines\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":7669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[247],"ppma_author":[1237],"class_list":{"0":"post-7668","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lubricants-metalworking-fluids","8":"tag-application","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lubricants for natural gas engines: what you need to know<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Finding the right lubricants for natural gas engines - and getting the right ash content - is essential for optimal performance and maintenance. 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