{"id":8100,"date":"2018-04-20T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2018-04-20T14:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=8100"},"modified":"2024-06-26T09:00:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T15:00:51","slug":"pcc-best-water-based-thickeners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/8100\/pcc-best-water-based-thickeners\/","title":{"rendered":"Contemporary Formulation: Best-in-Class Natural\/Synthetic Water-Based Thickeners"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8101\" src=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/media\/2018\/04\/pcc-gel-2145167_600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Thickened gel sample - learn about some of the best water-based thickeners in the Prospector Knowledge Center.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/pcc-gel-2145167_600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/pcc-gel-2145167_600x400-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>Thickening water-based products is one of the most important formulation needs, since rheology agents can significantly impact skin feel, product stability, and even the efficacy of the product.\u00a0In general, the best water-based thickener to use in a formulation is the most efficient one, since levels greater than .5% in leave-on formulations can result in poor skin feel.<\/p>\n<p>Technically all thickeners function by binding water either by absorption, swelling, or electrostatic repulsion and are classified as either soluble or swellable. I generally recommend using combinations of thickeners that work by different mechanisms in order to achieve thickening efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Swellable polymers like Carbomers and acrylate copolymers are currently the most commonly used synthetic polymers because they are very efficient and have excellent shear thinning rheology that consumers prefer. They are, however, very sensitive to electrolytes which reduce their viscosity due to a loss of water binding through the loss of charge repulsion.<\/p>\n<p>The most commonly used natural-based thickener is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=xanthan+gum&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Xanthan gum<\/a>. Xanthan has excellent salt, low\/high pH tolerance, good suspending properties, and provides dependable product stability by maintaining its viscosity profile at elevated temperature.<\/p>\n<p>Below you&#8217;ll find my recommendations for the best water-based thickeners.<\/p>\n<h3>Recommended synthetic-based polymer, .5% in water, containing no salt<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/76\/225756\/Carbopol-Ultrez-30-Polymer?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ultrez 30<\/strong><\/a> (Carbomer-Lubrizol) is a universal Carbomer for broad application. A .5% dispersion has a viscosity of 45-65K cps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/76\/3761\/Carbopol-Ultrez-21-Polymer?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ultrez 21<\/strong><\/a> (Acrylates\/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer-Lubrizol) A .5% dispersion has a viscosity of 45-65K cps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/1483\/116760\/TEGO-CARBOMER-140-G?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>TEGO Carbomer 140 G<\/strong><\/a> (Evonik) is a granulated easy to disperse non-dusting grade. A .5% dispersion has a viscosity of 40-65K cps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/28992\/593176\/AQUPEC-HV-505ED?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Aqupec HV-505ED<\/strong><\/a> (Carbomer Crosspolymer-Sumitomo Seika\/Presperse) A .5% dispersion has a viscosity of 40-60K cps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended synthetic-based polymers with salt<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/1584\/128619\/Stabylen-30?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Stabylen 30<\/strong><\/a> (Acrylates\/Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer-3V) Good salt tolerance (1% polymer no salt 50K, 1% Sodium Chloride, 22K cps)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/2669\/36504\/Aculyn-28?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Aculyn 28<\/strong><\/a> (Acrylates\/Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer-Dow Chemical, 20% solids) is similar to Stabylen 30, but much easier to use.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/76\/225756\/Carbopol-Ultrez-30-Polymer?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ultrez 30<\/strong><\/a> (Carbomer-Lubrizol) is a universal Carbomer for broad application. A 1% dispersion with 1% sodium chloride has a viscosity of 9500-12000 cps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/1432\/121189\/SEPIMAX-ZEN?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>SEPIMAX Zen<\/strong><\/a> (Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6-Seppic) A 2% dispersion with 2% salt has a viscosity of 45K cps, a 1% dispersion ~8K cps with 2% salt<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/76\/3761\/Carbopol-Ultrez-21-Polymer?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ultrez 21<\/strong><\/a> (Acrylates\/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer-Lubrizol) A 2% dispersion has a viscosity of 80K cps with 1% salt.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/28992\/636248\/AQUPEC-SER-W-150C?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>AQUPEC SER W-150C<\/strong><\/a> (Acrylates\/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer-Sumitomo Seika\/PreSperse) has good electrolyte compatibility from 3-5 percent (1% dispersion, 10K cps at a pH of 7 with 5% salt).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/28992\/636250\/AQUPEC-HU-C2002?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>AQUPEC HU C2002<\/strong><\/a> (Bis-Stearyl Peg\/PPG-8\/6 SMDI\/Peg-400 Copolymer-Sumitomo Seika\/Presperse) is a nonionic associative thickener that is salt\/pH stable and forms clear gels. A 1% dispersion in water has a viscosity of 5-15K cps. It also has an excellent non-tacky skin feel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended natural-based polymers, 1% in water, no salt<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/2535\/75850\/KELCOGEL-CG-HA?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>KELCOGEL CG-HA<\/strong><\/a> (High Acyl Gellan gum-CP Kelco) is a .5% gel with a viscosity of 54K cps. It is not salt-stable.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/24109\/647038\/Alcasealan?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Alcasealan<\/strong><\/a> (Alcaligenes Polysaccharides-Hakuto\/Ikeda): the viscosity of dispersions is pH-stable from 3-12 and temperature-stable up to 80\u00b0 A .5% gel has a viscosity of 50K cps and 10K cps with 3% salt. A 1% gel has a viscosity of ~ 40K with 3% salt. Emulsion stabilization is also claimed using .04% Alcasealan. High cost is a negative.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/6485\/211530\/AMAZE-XT-Polymer?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Amaze XT<\/strong><\/a> (Dehydoxanthan-Akzo Nobel) is a specially-processed Xanthan gum that has significantly higher viscosity than normal grades. It however has reduced electrolyte tolerance: 1% gel has a viscosity of 38K cps with no salt and 10K cps with 3% salt. Amaze XT is a good Xanthan gum replacement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propol A<\/strong> (Mannan-Shimizu Chemical) is a highly-purified galactomannan derived from Konjac flour. A 1% gel has a viscosity of around 50K cps with or without 3% sodium chloride, and is stable at a pH of 3-9, with an excellent skin feel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GELCARIN GP 379<\/strong>\u00a0(Carrageenan-FMC) is an iota form of carrageenan derived from seaweed that rapidly hydrates at room temperature. A 1% gel in water has a viscosity of 32K cps without salt, and a 2% gel has a viscosity of 27K with 3% salt.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/5247\/193573\/NOMCORT-Z?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>NOMCORT Z<\/strong><\/a> (Xanthan-Nisshin Oillio) is a specially-processed Xanthan gum that increases its apparent molecular weight and viscosity: a 1% gel has a viscosity of 10K cps; with 1% Sodium Chloride the viscosity is 15K. It demonstrates significant synergy with Methyl cellulose, Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose, and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Food\/Detail\/3357\/532552\/KELTROL-Advanced-Performance-Xanthan-Gum?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>KELTROL Advanced Performance<\/strong><\/a> (Xanthan-CP Kelco) is much easier to hydrate in difficult media than regular Xanthan grades, even in the presence of solvent or salt. It\u2019s better for suspending solids in thin dispersions than regular grade Xanthan. A 1% solution has a viscosity of 13K cps. This is an excellent replacement for regular grades of Xanthan gum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recommended natural-based thickeners, 1% in water with salt<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/eu\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/24109\/647038\/Alcasealan?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Alcasealan <\/strong><\/a>(Alcaligenes Polysaccharides-Hakuto\/) [see description above]<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propol A<\/strong> (Mannan-Shimizu Chemical) [see description above]<\/li>\n<li><strong>GENUVISCO TPC-1<\/strong> (Carrageenan-CP Kelco) is an iota form of carrageenan designed for cold processing that is stable at a pH of 3.5. The processed viscosity is low until an electrolyte is added. A 1% gel has a viscosity of 18K with 3% salt added.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/Detail\/5247\/193573\/NOMCORT-Z?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>NOMCORT Z<\/strong><\/a> (Xanthan-Nisshin Oillio) [see description above]<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Food\/Detail\/3357\/532552\/KELTROL-Advanced-Performance-Xanthan-Gum?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>KELTROL Advanced Performance<\/strong><\/a> (Xanthan-CP Kelco) [see description above]<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/Coatings\/search?k=exilva&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exilva<\/strong><\/a> (Cellulose-based product-Borregaard)\n<ul>\n<li>a 1% gel in water has a viscosity of 8600 cps<\/li>\n<li>a 2% gel in water has a viscosity of 21,600 cps<\/li>\n<li>with 10% Sodium Chloride, the viscosity is 10K cps<\/li>\n<li>with 50% Ethanol, the viscosity is 13,200 cps<\/li>\n<li>when combined with other thickeners, there is excellent synergy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/en\/na\/PersonalCare\/search?k=water-based+thickener&amp;st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View all water-based thickeners in Prospector<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3>Further reading<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/3937\/pcc-natural-based-thickeners?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Natural-Based Thickeners<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/404\/pcc-ask-expert-good-natural-options-thicken-water-based-formulations?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ask the Expert: Good all-natural thickeners<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/5382\/pcc-personal-care-rheological-agents?st=31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Personal Care Rheological Agents<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thickening water-based products is one of the most important formulation needs, since rheology agents can significantly impact skin feel, product stability, and even the efficacy of the product.\u00a0In general, the best water-based thickener to use in a formulation is the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/8100\/pcc-best-water-based-thickeners\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[282],"ppma_author":[1251],"class_list":{"0":"post-8100","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-personal-care-cosmetics-cleaners","8":"tag-category-deep-dive","9":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Best water-based thickeners for personal care product formulation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The best thickener to use in a formulation is the most efficient one. 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. Learn more about Deckner Consulting Services...\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulprospector.ul.com\\\/author\\\/george-deckner\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Best water-based thickeners for personal care product formulation","description":"The best thickener to use in a formulation is the most efficient one. 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His rich professional background in innovative product development, research, material science and exploratory formulation, as well as a passion for developing products that make people\u2019s lives more comfortable and happy, inform the articles he writes for Knowledge.ULProspector.com. In addition to lending his industry expertise to Prospector, George consults with personal care and cosmetics suppliers. He founded his consulting practice, Deckner Consulting Services, after retiring from Procter &amp; Gamble in 2013, where he was a Victor Miles Research Fellow. While at Procter and Gamble, he worked in skin care product development, global fragrance development, and most recently oral care product development in the Oral Care Advanced Technology Innovation Group. Before being appointed a Victor Miles Research Fellow, he also served as Associate Director of Exploratory Formulation for skin care product development. While at Procter &amp; Gamble, George was one of the top inventors, with 354 granted and filed global patents (201 U.S. patents). He helped develop many of the core platform technologies used in skin care today with numerous products commercialized under the Olay, Bain de Soleil, Clearasil, Noxzema and SK2 brands. Previously, George was a Senior Chemist and Manager in the area of skin care product development, as well as the Director of Exploratory Formulation for Charles of the Ritz Group. During this time, George received the President\u2019s Cup Award for outstanding business contribution and developed numerous marketed skin care products under the Bain de Soleil, Jean Nate, Yves Saint Laurent and Charles of the Ritz Brands. George is a current member of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists and is on the scientific advisory board for Cosmetics &amp; Toiletries Magazine. He is a frequent guest lecturer for numerous key global suppliers, as well as for local and national SCC meetings. George is an avid tennis player and follower of the sport. He lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. 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