{"id":8480,"date":"2018-07-13T08:00:04","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T14:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=8480"},"modified":"2022-05-31T14:26:12","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T20:26:12","slug":"pe-product-feature-how-3d-printing-materials-measure-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/8480\/pe-product-feature-how-3d-printing-materials-measure-up\/","title":{"rendered":"Product Feature: How 3D Printing Materials Measure Up"},"content":{"rendered":"

Comparing injection-molded thermoplastics to \u2018thermoplastic-like\u2019 materials in stereolithography<\/em><\/h4>\n

\"ProtolabsMany factors come into play when comparing the material properties of thermoplastics found in injection molding<\/a> versus \u201cthermoplastic-like\u201d materials used in an industrial-grade 3D printing technology like stereolithography\u00a0(SL).<\/p>\n

SL uses a thermoset liquid, not a thermoplastic, which is UV-cured in layers to form final parts. Because of this major difference in fabrication methods, material properties like tensile strength, heat deflection and flexure modulus may differ from SL\u2019s more traditional counterpart. Furthermore, SL produces anisotropic properties where the values for X, Y and Z axis may differ depending on the orientation of the build\u2014a consideration unique to 3D printing\u00a0processes.<\/p>\n

At Protolabs<\/a>, a thorough selection of thermoplastic-like materials are offered through SL, but what may surprise you is the versatility and range of potential applications for SL parts. We\u2019ll take you through each material and its properties, and compare them with one another (as well as with molded plastics) to help you decide how to best implement\u00a0SL.<\/p>\n

Polycarbonate-like materials<\/h3>\n

Accura 5530<\/strong> material is transparent in color, temperature-tolerant and water-resistant. It also is resistant to automotive fluids, making it suitable for under-the-hood and electrical applications. Note that it requires secondary operations to achieve transparency and the final part will still retain a slight amber hue.<\/p>\n

Accura 60<\/strong><\/a> offers the ability for fine detail while providing good stiffness in parts. Common applications include durable prototypes for automotive, consumer electronics and lighting components, as well as medical instruments. Accura 60 has a high tensile strength and modulus, making this a good choice to replace polycarbonate (PC) when heat resistance is not critical. However, Accura 60 has the highest moisture absorption rate of the SL materials, which may impact dimensional stability\u00a0over time.<\/p>\n

Somos NanoTool<\/strong><\/a> has an added ceramic filler that increases stiffness and brittleness over other SL materials. Along with stiffness, Nanotool touts the highest temperature resistance compared to most materials offered in SL. It\u2019s regularly used in aerospace and automotive applications that often require greater strength and temperature\u00a0resistances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nACCURA 5530<\/strong><\/td>\nACCURA 60<\/strong><\/td>\nSOMOS NANOTOOL<\/strong><\/td>\nPC (MOLDED)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hardness, Shore D<\/strong><\/td>\n88<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n93-94<\/td>\n118-120 (R-scale)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heat Deflection* <\/strong><\/td>\n338-482 \u00b0F<\/td>\n127-131 \u00b0F<\/td>\n496-506 \u00b0F<\/td>\n250-280 \u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n3,585 \u2013 3,758 MPa<\/td>\n2,690-3,100 MPa<\/td>\n10,400-11,400 MPa<\/td>\n2,400 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n47-61 MPa<\/td>\n58-68 MPa<\/td>\n66-80 MPa<\/td>\n50-72 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n3,496-3,634 MPa<\/td>\n2,700-3,000 MPa<\/td>\n9,960-10,200 MPa<\/td>\n2,200-2,400 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n96-108 MPa<\/td>\n87-101 MPa<\/td>\n103-149 MPa<\/td>\n82-93 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chart 1: Comparison of three PC-like materials and one molded PC thermoplastic across six material property categories. Notice how the heat deflection in the PC-like parts are much lower or have a wider range than the molded PC, due to the anisotropic properties. *Heat deflection was measured at 66 psi.<\/em><\/p>\n

ABS-like materials<\/h3>\n

\"\"RenShape SL 7820<\/strong> has high strength and good dimensional stability, even in high humidity. The material is black and commonly used in automotive parts, consumer packaging, electrical housings and toys due to its impact resistance and ease of secondary finishing that provides the appearance of production\u00a0quality.<\/p>\n

MicroFine Green<\/strong> is a proprietary material at Protolabs, offering an extremely high resolution and build accuracy. MicroFine has a unique opaque green color distinguishing it from other materials. Layer thicknesses of 0.001 in. and feature sizes of 0.002 in. are possible with MicroFine Green to accommodate applications that require very small\u00a0parts.<\/p>\n

Somos Watershed XC 11122<\/strong><\/a> is strong, durable, water-resistant ABS-like material. It\u2019s nearly colorless and mimics a clear engineered-grade plastic. Watershed\u2019s high clarity makes it a perfect material for prototyping lenses, flow-visualization models and micro-fluidic parts. Note that it requires secondary operations to get the material completely clear. Watershed will also retain a very light blue hue\u00a0afterward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nACCURA ABS BLACK<\/strong><\/td>\nMICROFINE GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\nSOMOS WATERSHED<\/strong><\/td>\nABS (MOLDED)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hardness, Shore D<\/strong><\/td>\n87<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n109 (R-scale)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heat Deflection<\/strong><\/td>\n122\u00b0F<\/td>\n138\u00b0F<\/td>\n115-130\u00b0F<\/td>\n185-215\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n2,000-2,500 MPa<\/td>\n2,100 MPa<\/td>\n2,650-2,880 MPa<\/td>\n2,200-2,500 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n39-51 MPa<\/td>\n45 MPa<\/td>\n47-54 MPa<\/td>\n32-42 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n2,100-2,500 MPa<\/td>\n2,200 MPa<\/td>\n2,040-2,370 MPa<\/td>\n1,800-2,600 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n62-80 MPa<\/td>\n74 MPa<\/td>\n63-74 MPa<\/td>\n60-72 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chart 2: Comparison of three ABS-like materials and one molded ABS thermoplastic across six material property categories.<\/em><\/p>\n

Polypropylene-like materials<\/h3>\n

Accura Xtreme White 200<\/strong><\/a> is comparable to both a polypropylene (PP) and ABS thermoplastic in that it offers strength and durability, lending itself well to applications that require snap-fit features. Note that Xtreme White 200 has the lowest heat deflection of the SL materials offered at Protolabs.<\/p>\n

Somos 9120<\/strong><\/a> is translucent in appearance, providing excellent resolution and fine detail. You may want to consider Somos 9120 for parts with thin walls or small holes. The PC-like material is also the most flexible SL material at Protolabs, while also durable. Potential applications include automotive components, electrical housings and medical\u00a0devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nACCURA XTREME WHITE<\/strong><\/td>\nSOMOS 9120<\/strong><\/td>\nPP (MOLDED)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hardness, Shore D<\/strong><\/td>\n78-80<\/td>\n80-82<\/td>\n80-100 (R-Scale)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heat Deflection<\/strong><\/td>\n117\u00b0F<\/td>\n126-142\u00b0F<\/td>\n124-203\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n2,300-2,630 MPa<\/td>\n1,227-1,462 MPa<\/td>\n1,720 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n45-50 MPa<\/td>\n30-32 MPa<\/td>\n27-40 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Modulus<\/strong><\/td>\n2,350-2,550 MPa<\/td>\n1,310-1,455 MPa<\/td>\n1,000-1,400 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n75-79 MPa<\/td>\n44-46 MPa<\/td>\n41 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chart 3: Comparison of two PP-like materials and on molded PP thermoplastic across six material property categories. Notice that properties are fairly similar between each.<\/em><\/p>\n

Die-cast aluminum<\/h3>\n

FineLine SLArmor<\/strong> uses DSM Somos NanoTool as a base material for 3D printing and has a secondary process that adds a thin metal coating that provides the look, feel and strength of a metal part without any added weight. SLArmor\u2019s nickel plating adds strength and temperature resistance to SL parts that previously was not achievable. Note that we typically layer either 0.002 in. or 0.004 in. of plating thickness on\u00a0parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nSLArmor 10% Metal Volume<\/strong><\/td>\nSLArmor 20% Metal Volume<\/strong><\/td>\nSLArmor 30% Metal Volume<\/strong><\/td>\nDie Cast Aluminum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heat Deflection<\/strong><\/td>\n122-516\u00b0F<\/td>\n122-516\u00b0F<\/td>\n122-516\u00b0F<\/td>\n>500\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tensile Strength<\/strong><\/td>\n100 MPa<\/td>\n145 MPa<\/td>\n200 MPa<\/td>\n300 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elongation at Break<\/strong><\/td>\n0.9%<\/td>\n1.04%<\/td>\n1%<\/td>\n2-5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mod. Of Elasticity<\/strong><\/td>\n21,000 MPa<\/td>\n31,000 MPa<\/td>\n42,000 MPa<\/td>\n70,000 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Chart 4: Comparison of three grades of nickel-plated SLArmor and die-cast aluminum across four material property categories. Protolabs tests to ASTM D638M standards.<\/em><\/p>\n

Parting notes<\/h3>\n

Unlike thermoplastics, long-term exposure to UV light and moisture will alter the appearance and mechanical properties of SL materials if they are not protected by plating or painting. Over time, you may experience part warpage, yellowing and brittleness in some parts. SL parts are not intended for long-term use in many instances, but the short-term benefits of having highly cosmetic and functional parts to use during early prototyping \u00a0are highly beneficial.<\/p>\n

Remember to work closely with the 3D printing experts to optimize build orientation, anisotropism and material properties. Adjusting the direction in which the part is built can often improve the material properties and clarity of the\u00a0part.<\/p>\n

Dive deeper into\u00a0stereolithography\u00a0at protolabs.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Paid content provided by Protolabs<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Comparing injection-molded thermoplastics to \u2018thermoplastic-like\u2019 materials in stereolithography Many factors come into play when comparing the material properties of thermoplastics found in injection molding versus \u201cthermoplastic-like\u201d materials used in an industrial-grade 3D printing technology like stereolithography\u00a0(SL). SL uses a thermoset … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":8481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30,21],"tags":[266,281],"ppma_author":[1250],"class_list":{"0":"post-8480","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-materials","8":"category-plastics-2","9":"tag-product-feature","10":"tag-paid-content","11":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\n3D 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