{"id":9670,"date":"2019-08-01T08:00:04","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T14:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulprospector.com\/knowledge\/?p=9670"},"modified":"2023-02-01T10:25:06","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:25:06","slug":"pc-efficient-use-of-tio2-pigment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulprospector.ul.com\/9670\/pc-efficient-use-of-tio2-pigment\/","title":{"rendered":"Efficient Use of TiO2<\/sub> Pigment"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/h3>\n

Titanium dioxide (TiO2<\/sub>) is a white pigment. It gives a coating whiteness<\/strong> and hiding power<\/strong>1<\/sup>. Especially when volume<\/strong> prices of systems are used, the pigment is considered expensive. The high volume price of TiO2<\/sub> is related to its high density.<\/p>\n

\"Scattering
Scattering of light by a particle, surrounded by binder matrix, in a coating<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Scattering by solid particles<\/h3>\n

Particles in a matrix, like a binder system in a coating, change the direction of light when the particles and the medium have a different refractive index ‘n<\/strong>‘. This phenomenon, called scattering<\/strong>, results in both white color and hiding power of the coating.<\/p>\n

A pre-condition to obtain whiteness<\/strong> is that the particles do not absorb visible light. Titanium dioxide complies with this demand.<\/p>\n

A few key properties govern the scattering efficiency of particles<\/h3>\n
\"Key
Key properties of the two types of TiO2<\/sub> pigment that are used in coatings<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

First, scattering is strong when the difference in refractive index<\/strong> of particle and matrix, \u0394n = np<\/sub> – nm<\/sub>, is big. For binders used in coatings, the refractive index is around 1.6. TiO2<\/sub> is preferably used as scattering source because the pigment has a high refractive index, depending upon the crystal structure of the pigment.<\/p>\n

Secondly, for a specific wavelength<\/strong> of light, \u03bb<\/strong>, there is an optimum particle size<\/strong>. The diameter<\/strong> of the particles ‘d<\/strong>‘ should be close to half of the wavelength of the light.<\/p>\n

This implies that rutile TiO2<\/sub> particles having a diameter of around 280 nm scatter visible light, with \u03bb<\/strong> \u2248 380 – 700 nm, most efficiently.<\/p>\n

Optimizing the scattering efficiency of TiO2<\/sub><\/h3>\n

After selecting the right TiO2<\/sub> pigment, with respect to crystal structure and particle size, several measures can maximize the efficiency of expensive TiO2<\/sub> pigment.<\/p>\n

First, during the dispersion process, the primary pigment particles must be separated<\/strong> from each other as much as possible. Also, to prevent flocculation, the particles must be stabilized<\/strong> with dispersant2,3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"Dispersion
Dispersion process: separation and stabilization of solid particles in a medium<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

By improving the separation process and\/or by changing the type of dispersant, a considerable amount of money can often be saved.<\/p>\n

\"Crowding
Crowding can be minimized by combining TiO2<\/sub> and fine-sized filler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Secondly, it is important that the TiO2<\/sub> particles are distributed uniformly over the complete system. This is called spacing<\/strong>. An approach to prevent crowding<\/strong>, the opposite of spacing, is to use a suitable filler. The filler particles will fill the spaces between the TiO2<\/sub> particles and act as spacers.<\/p>\n

For a filler to provide spacing, the filler particles must be small. It is also preferable when the filler has a low color. An example of a spacer filler is Polygloss\u00ae<\/sup> 90<\/a><\/strong> from KaMin. The average particle size of this ultra-fine and bright kaolin filler is around 300 nm.<\/p>\n

Another concept that can be used to obtain maximum scattering power is to use TiO2<\/sub> particles that have a thick layer of post-treatment. Ti-Pure\u2122 Select TS-6300<\/a><\/strong> from Chemours is a white pigment that consists of rutile TiO2<\/sub> cores that are post-treated with a thick layer of oxides. The diameter of the TiO2<\/sub> cores is in the range of 300 nm, and the average diameter of a complete particle is 530 nm. The thick oxide shell provides spacing\u2014the TiO2<\/sub> cores cannot come close to one another because the post-treatment prevents this from happening.\"microscopy<\/p>\n

\n

Need help finding titanium dioxide?<\/h3>\n

Prospector can help speed along your research with technical datasheets and access to global equipment suppliers.<\/p>\n

Search here<\/a><\/h3>\n
\n

References<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Titanium Dioxide: An Introduction<\/a>, Marc Hirsch, 23 September 2016.<\/li>\n
  2. Understanding Dispersants<\/a>, Marc Hirsch, 19 February 2016.<\/li>\n
  3. The Differences Between Wetting Agents and Dispersants<\/a>, Jochum Beetsma, 10 April 2015.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white pigment. It gives a coating whiteness and hiding power1. Especially when volume prices of systems are used, the pigment is considered expensive. The high volume price of TiO2 is related to its high … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9681,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[1235],"class_list":{"0":"post-9670","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-paint-coatings","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nEfficient Use of TiO2 Pigment - Prospector Knowledge Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TiO2, an expensive white pigment, gives a coating whiteness and hiding power. 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